0 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:30,000 Dear viewer, these subtitles were generated by a machine via the service Trint and therefore are (very) buggy. If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/769 Thanks! 1 00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:15,179 I have the tremendous, tremendous 2 00:00:15,180 --> 00:00:17,699 honor and pleasure 3 00:00:17,700 --> 00:00:20,699 to introduce to you, Savai'i 4 00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:21,700 the Savior. 5 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:24,919 He's going 6 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:25,920 to help us. 7 00:00:27,290 --> 00:00:29,929 He's a researcher in political science 8 00:00:31,110 --> 00:00:33,349 and from that perspective, 9 00:00:33,350 --> 00:00:34,760 he's going to show us 10 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:38,569 a view, that paradox 11 00:00:38,570 --> 00:00:39,570 there in the future. 12 00:00:40,580 --> 00:00:42,109 The Transhumanist one. 13 00:00:43,930 --> 00:00:47,049 I reckon you will 14 00:00:47,050 --> 00:00:49,299 start to open new 15 00:00:49,300 --> 00:00:51,639 chapters of human 16 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:52,640 history. 17 00:00:53,500 --> 00:00:55,629 So I gave him a warm applause, a 18 00:00:55,630 --> 00:00:57,729 warm welcome like 19 00:00:57,730 --> 00:00:59,429 the Fuze put it in place. 20 00:01:05,900 --> 00:01:08,209 Hey, so I'm going to try in the next 20 21 00:01:08,210 --> 00:01:10,159 minutes to live up to that introduction. 22 00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:12,139 Let's try and open a new chapter of 23 00:01:12,140 --> 00:01:14,239 history. But first, I just want to make 24 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:16,369 sure we're all on the same wavelength. 25 00:01:16,370 --> 00:01:18,739 So let me ask everyone here. 26 00:01:18,740 --> 00:01:21,379 How many of you here would except 27 00:01:21,380 --> 00:01:23,899 say a US government issued 28 00:01:23,900 --> 00:01:26,150 US government constructed laptop? 29 00:01:28,520 --> 00:01:30,519 OK, I see one lonely hand in the air and 30 00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:33,080 it looks pretty sarcastic and 31 00:01:34,460 --> 00:01:36,099 and if I were to come up to you and say, 32 00:01:36,100 --> 00:01:37,629 hey, I'm a member of the US government, I 33 00:01:37,630 --> 00:01:39,429 just want to run a quick virus scan on 34 00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:41,259 your computer, how many of you would let 35 00:01:41,260 --> 00:01:42,260 me do so 36 00:01:43,750 --> 00:01:44,769 again? 37 00:01:44,770 --> 00:01:47,099 A couple of lonely, sarcastic hands, 38 00:01:48,130 --> 00:01:49,130 so. 39 00:01:50,700 --> 00:01:52,619 I think we're going to get along great, 40 00:01:52,620 --> 00:01:54,179 because today I'm going to tell you why 41 00:01:54,180 --> 00:01:56,189 we need more political involvement in 42 00:01:56,190 --> 00:01:59,039 technology so wide up hackers. 43 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:00,040 Right. 44 00:02:00,330 --> 00:02:01,649 So what is the paradox? 45 00:02:01,650 --> 00:02:02,819 I'm going to talk about today, 46 00:02:04,140 --> 00:02:06,119 the paradox is very simple. 47 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:08,668 We live in states, liberal states 48 00:02:08,669 --> 00:02:11,519 that protect individual liberty, 49 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:13,529 but they're completely oblivious to the 50 00:02:13,530 --> 00:02:16,139 fact that technology 51 00:02:16,140 --> 00:02:19,079 is radically transforming the environment 52 00:02:19,080 --> 00:02:21,719 in which we exercise that liberty. 53 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:24,119 Or to rephrase the paradox 54 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:25,349 in terms of a question. 55 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:28,969 What good is individual liberty, what 56 00:02:28,970 --> 00:02:30,769 good is the liberty that is protected by 57 00:02:30,770 --> 00:02:33,199 a state if someone else 58 00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:35,299 designed the playground in which you 59 00:02:35,300 --> 00:02:36,300 exercise it? 60 00:02:37,310 --> 00:02:38,689 Now, when I speak of playgrounds, when I 61 00:02:38,690 --> 00:02:40,789 speak of environment, what exactly am I 62 00:02:40,790 --> 00:02:42,169 talking about? 63 00:02:42,170 --> 00:02:43,279 What is an environment? 64 00:02:44,360 --> 00:02:46,429 An environment is nothing more 65 00:02:46,430 --> 00:02:49,729 than the parameters of the possible. 66 00:02:49,730 --> 00:02:51,649 It is what gives us rules of what can and 67 00:02:51,650 --> 00:02:52,819 cannot be done. 68 00:02:52,820 --> 00:02:54,919 So to make it somewhat more concrete 69 00:02:54,920 --> 00:02:56,749 and more familiar. 70 00:02:56,750 --> 00:02:59,059 We all know plenty about our natural 71 00:02:59,060 --> 00:03:01,789 environment. And first and foremost, 72 00:03:01,790 --> 00:03:03,949 the first environment, which limits 73 00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:06,109 us and gives us rules for our lives 74 00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:07,669 is our body. 75 00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:09,409 And the rules of our body are the rules 76 00:03:09,410 --> 00:03:10,429 of our lives. 77 00:03:10,430 --> 00:03:12,889 They are the rules of how we think, 78 00:03:12,890 --> 00:03:14,989 how we talk, how we move, 79 00:03:14,990 --> 00:03:16,999 how we interact with one another. 80 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:18,949 Our body is a primary and first 81 00:03:18,950 --> 00:03:20,599 environment, and then we have the larger 82 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:22,759 natural environment, the physical laws, 83 00:03:22,760 --> 00:03:24,199 the earth on which we live, which is the 84 00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:26,839 larger environment in both cases. 85 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:28,189 We've lived with this for all of human 86 00:03:28,190 --> 00:03:30,409 history. So we take it for granted 87 00:03:30,410 --> 00:03:32,179 that the rules of our body are the rules 88 00:03:32,180 --> 00:03:33,679 of our lives. 89 00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:36,289 Well, recently we've added political 90 00:03:36,290 --> 00:03:38,509 environment and the political environment 91 00:03:38,510 --> 00:03:40,649 are simply the laws we agree 92 00:03:40,650 --> 00:03:41,989 to as a society. 93 00:03:43,370 --> 00:03:45,089 We're used to this as well. 94 00:03:45,090 --> 00:03:46,489 But what does it mean when we talk about 95 00:03:46,490 --> 00:03:48,589 technological environment? 96 00:03:48,590 --> 00:03:50,779 What it means is that as we live 97 00:03:50,780 --> 00:03:53,029 more and more of our lives in 98 00:03:53,030 --> 00:03:55,129 and through technology, as more of our 99 00:03:55,130 --> 00:03:57,919 lives become dependent on technology, 100 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:00,859 we increasingly rely and must follow 101 00:04:00,860 --> 00:04:02,809 the rules and parameters of the 102 00:04:02,810 --> 00:04:04,069 technology we use. 103 00:04:05,180 --> 00:04:07,249 What to phrase it, 104 00:04:07,250 --> 00:04:09,349 we could say, how does technology 105 00:04:09,350 --> 00:04:10,429 create this environment? 106 00:04:10,430 --> 00:04:12,529 Well, first of all, each new piece 107 00:04:12,530 --> 00:04:14,629 of technology requires 108 00:04:14,630 --> 00:04:16,879 the reorganization of the world around 109 00:04:16,880 --> 00:04:17,880 it. 110 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:19,320 Let's get more specific. 111 00:04:21,649 --> 00:04:23,810 We've had cars for over a century now, 112 00:04:25,190 --> 00:04:26,959 and at first cars, like most 113 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:29,059 technologies, was a way of helping us 114 00:04:29,060 --> 00:04:31,009 to transcend our natural environment, 115 00:04:31,010 --> 00:04:33,049 help us transcend our bodies, the fact 116 00:04:33,050 --> 00:04:34,999 that we can't move faster. 117 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:37,279 And yet the technology of the car also 118 00:04:37,280 --> 00:04:39,409 required in order for it to function, in 119 00:04:39,410 --> 00:04:41,299 order for it to be useful. 120 00:04:41,300 --> 00:04:43,369 It required a complete reorganization of 121 00:04:43,370 --> 00:04:44,479 the world around it. 122 00:04:44,480 --> 00:04:46,010 First of all, in the forms of what 123 00:04:47,090 --> 00:04:49,399 we've cut, the topography of the world 124 00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:50,419 up into votes. 125 00:04:50,420 --> 00:04:52,519 We've paved the world so 126 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:54,199 that our cars could be useful and 127 00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:55,309 function. 128 00:04:55,310 --> 00:04:57,769 You go into any modern city 129 00:04:57,770 --> 00:04:59,869 and you immediately see that the city, 130 00:04:59,870 --> 00:05:01,959 the modern city is built around the car. 131 00:05:03,310 --> 00:05:05,439 The way we move today, even when 132 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:06,459 we're not in the car, when we're in the 133 00:05:06,460 --> 00:05:08,169 city, it's built around sidewalks, it's 134 00:05:08,170 --> 00:05:10,449 built along zebra stripes, it's built 135 00:05:10,450 --> 00:05:12,579 along the walls necessary for the car 136 00:05:12,580 --> 00:05:13,580 to function. 137 00:05:14,550 --> 00:05:16,439 But even more than that, OK, because of 138 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:18,659 a, quote, big deal, but it also 139 00:05:18,660 --> 00:05:21,059 requires the reorganization 140 00:05:21,060 --> 00:05:22,949 of the world itself of the planet we live 141 00:05:22,950 --> 00:05:23,859 on itself. 142 00:05:23,860 --> 00:05:25,709 It requires the reorganization of the 143 00:05:25,710 --> 00:05:26,879 world into resources, 144 00:05:28,110 --> 00:05:30,209 which is, as we 145 00:05:30,210 --> 00:05:31,619 can see right here in this picture. 146 00:05:32,880 --> 00:05:36,059 And when it comes to cause 147 00:05:36,060 --> 00:05:37,949 this is mostly the case when it comes to 148 00:05:37,950 --> 00:05:39,839 oil. But it's not just oil, not just the 149 00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:41,669 fact that we have to pillage the earth 150 00:05:41,670 --> 00:05:43,379 for oil and gas. 151 00:05:43,380 --> 00:05:45,509 It's also the fact that a car is made 152 00:05:45,510 --> 00:05:47,819 of many different particular elements 153 00:05:47,820 --> 00:05:49,979 magnesium, 154 00:05:49,980 --> 00:05:52,139 iron, aluminum, all 155 00:05:52,140 --> 00:05:53,369 these different elements are needed to 156 00:05:53,370 --> 00:05:54,809 make a car. 157 00:05:54,810 --> 00:05:56,969 So in order for us to have a car economy, 158 00:05:56,970 --> 00:05:59,189 we need to have a global economy because 159 00:05:59,190 --> 00:06:00,659 all these different elements are present 160 00:06:00,660 --> 00:06:01,800 in different parts of the world. 161 00:06:03,090 --> 00:06:05,219 So we see just in terms of the car, 162 00:06:05,220 --> 00:06:07,169 a simple device that helps us transcend 163 00:06:07,170 --> 00:06:09,389 our bodies in order to move faster, 164 00:06:09,390 --> 00:06:11,069 we have to completely reorganize the 165 00:06:11,070 --> 00:06:12,029 world. 166 00:06:12,030 --> 00:06:14,159 And just for the car, 167 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:15,839 we live in a different type of 168 00:06:15,840 --> 00:06:17,519 environment. We live in a technological 169 00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:18,629 environment. 170 00:06:18,630 --> 00:06:21,089 But the car is an old technology. 171 00:06:21,090 --> 00:06:22,649 We hardly think of it as technology 172 00:06:22,650 --> 00:06:23,849 today. Today, when we think of 173 00:06:23,850 --> 00:06:25,319 technology, we think of computers, we 174 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:27,299 think of Internet, we think of artificial 175 00:06:27,300 --> 00:06:28,709 intelligence. 176 00:06:28,710 --> 00:06:29,879 We don't even really think of the car 177 00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:30,880 anymore. 178 00:06:31,590 --> 00:06:33,779 But with the car shows us is that much 179 00:06:33,780 --> 00:06:35,489 of human history, certainly in the last 180 00:06:35,490 --> 00:06:37,619 couple of centuries, can be said to be a 181 00:06:37,620 --> 00:06:40,439 replacement of our natural environment 182 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:42,059 with a technological playground, the 183 00:06:42,060 --> 00:06:44,819 replacement of the natural environment 184 00:06:44,820 --> 00:06:46,440 where the technological environment 185 00:06:47,970 --> 00:06:50,159 and this is going to about to get 186 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:51,839 much more obvious to us. 187 00:06:51,840 --> 00:06:53,429 It's about to get much more dramatic 188 00:06:53,430 --> 00:06:55,739 because technology today 189 00:06:55,740 --> 00:06:57,209 is much more powerful than it's ever 190 00:06:57,210 --> 00:06:59,399 been. In other words, technology's power 191 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:01,379 to transform the world is much bigger 192 00:07:01,380 --> 00:07:02,429 than it's ever been before. 193 00:07:03,870 --> 00:07:06,089 When we talk about trans humanism, what 194 00:07:06,090 --> 00:07:08,159 is it? So most of you here know 195 00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:09,139 what it is. 196 00:07:09,140 --> 00:07:11,399 But just a quick reminder, transhumanism 197 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:13,139 is a movement or many movements 198 00:07:14,580 --> 00:07:17,339 that think that is possible and desirable 199 00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:19,529 to enhance humans using technology. 200 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:22,929 That is the basic claim, the basic wish 201 00:07:22,930 --> 00:07:24,009 of the transhumanist movement. 202 00:07:24,010 --> 00:07:25,539 There are plenty of subgroups within it, 203 00:07:25,540 --> 00:07:27,219 but that is the basic wish of 204 00:07:27,220 --> 00:07:28,419 transhumanism. 205 00:07:28,420 --> 00:07:29,420 Now. 206 00:07:30,750 --> 00:07:33,449 How would transhumanism 207 00:07:33,450 --> 00:07:35,699 transform our environment? 208 00:07:35,700 --> 00:07:37,529 Well, first, we already talked about how 209 00:07:37,530 --> 00:07:40,259 the human body is the primary 210 00:07:40,260 --> 00:07:42,479 environment of our lives, the human 211 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:44,699 body and its rules and 212 00:07:44,700 --> 00:07:46,799 its limits, our rules and our limits 213 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:47,789 of our life. 214 00:07:47,790 --> 00:07:49,709 And so by augmenting by enhancing the 215 00:07:49,710 --> 00:07:52,079 human body, we are talking about 216 00:07:52,080 --> 00:07:54,209 radically shifting 217 00:07:54,210 --> 00:07:55,410 our primary environment. 218 00:07:56,660 --> 00:07:58,729 Now, Transhumanist disagree 219 00:07:58,730 --> 00:08:00,499 on how exactly we're going to enhance the 220 00:08:00,500 --> 00:08:02,839 body, but what is clear 221 00:08:02,840 --> 00:08:04,939 is that our human body is going to be 222 00:08:04,940 --> 00:08:07,129 transformed using machines and therefore 223 00:08:07,130 --> 00:08:08,449 many of the limits that we take for 224 00:08:08,450 --> 00:08:10,459 granted today, about how we think about 225 00:08:10,460 --> 00:08:12,529 how we move, how we interact with one 226 00:08:12,530 --> 00:08:14,389 another will no longer be the same in a 227 00:08:14,390 --> 00:08:15,390 transhumanist. What 228 00:08:16,700 --> 00:08:19,099 many transhumanist movements also 229 00:08:19,100 --> 00:08:21,559 based much of their movement on the idea 230 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:23,629 that eventually 231 00:08:23,630 --> 00:08:26,569 virtual reality and virtual realities 232 00:08:26,570 --> 00:08:28,849 will become so complex and so rich 233 00:08:28,850 --> 00:08:30,319 that they'll be more attractive to us. 234 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:32,899 More interesting, more compelling 235 00:08:32,900 --> 00:08:35,418 than analog reality, more interesting 236 00:08:35,419 --> 00:08:36,859 than the reality we live in today. 237 00:08:36,860 --> 00:08:38,479 So that's a second way in which we could 238 00:08:38,480 --> 00:08:40,279 possibly completely change the 239 00:08:40,280 --> 00:08:42,319 environment in which we live. 240 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:44,719 Finally, often 241 00:08:44,720 --> 00:08:46,849 we think for 20 minutes and really to 242 00:08:46,850 --> 00:08:48,019 get off the ground first, we need to 243 00:08:48,020 --> 00:08:50,179 begin augmenting ourselves and 244 00:08:50,180 --> 00:08:51,949 for us to be able to create, for example, 245 00:08:51,950 --> 00:08:54,109 compelling virtual realities, we'll have 246 00:08:54,110 --> 00:08:56,179 to create something akin or 247 00:08:56,180 --> 00:08:58,429 approaching to a superintelligence, 248 00:08:58,430 --> 00:09:00,289 which is to say we'll have to create a 249 00:09:00,290 --> 00:09:02,419 machine that is more intelligent than all 250 00:09:02,420 --> 00:09:04,729 humans put together. 251 00:09:04,730 --> 00:09:05,730 And of course. 252 00:09:06,510 --> 00:09:08,639 Creating a superintelligence would be 253 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:11,609 a bit like inserting a genie 254 00:09:11,610 --> 00:09:13,379 or God into the universe. 255 00:09:13,380 --> 00:09:15,479 It would completely change the rules 256 00:09:15,480 --> 00:09:17,699 of our universe, of our environment. 257 00:09:17,700 --> 00:09:19,469 And then finally, to make all this 258 00:09:19,470 --> 00:09:21,599 possible, in particular, if we're 259 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:23,729 going to create a super intelligent, it's 260 00:09:23,730 --> 00:09:25,169 most likely going to need enormous 261 00:09:25,170 --> 00:09:26,609 amounts of energy. 262 00:09:26,610 --> 00:09:27,959 And so one final things that 263 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:30,089 Transhumanist usually assume is that 264 00:09:30,090 --> 00:09:31,469 we're going to have to colonize some 265 00:09:31,470 --> 00:09:33,479 large part of this planet and maybe other 266 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:35,549 planets as well just in order 267 00:09:35,550 --> 00:09:37,229 to feed the energy needs of the 268 00:09:37,230 --> 00:09:38,609 superintelligence. 269 00:09:38,610 --> 00:09:41,309 So, in short, a 20 humanist 270 00:09:41,310 --> 00:09:43,169 playground is completely different from a 271 00:09:43,170 --> 00:09:44,669 playground today. 272 00:09:44,670 --> 00:09:46,649 The environment in which we could 273 00:09:46,650 --> 00:09:48,809 exercise individual liberty and 274 00:09:48,810 --> 00:09:51,089 the humanist playground is completely 275 00:09:51,090 --> 00:09:53,309 different from that in which we exercise 276 00:09:53,310 --> 00:09:54,310 it today. 277 00:09:55,950 --> 00:09:58,079 Now, transhumanism makes it clear that 278 00:09:58,080 --> 00:09:59,729 there are two types of liberty. 279 00:09:59,730 --> 00:10:01,979 The one which Transhumanist will say 280 00:10:01,980 --> 00:10:03,599 will be largely augmented due to 281 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:05,879 transhumanism is simply the liberty 282 00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:07,889 to choose a specific action and a 283 00:10:07,890 --> 00:10:09,419 specific situation. 284 00:10:09,420 --> 00:10:12,119 And as we just saw, 285 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:13,829 humanism is all about augmenting this 286 00:10:13,830 --> 00:10:16,139 type of liberty by enhancing our body 287 00:10:16,140 --> 00:10:17,849 will be freed from the constraints of our 288 00:10:17,850 --> 00:10:19,829 natural body, will have much greater 289 00:10:19,830 --> 00:10:22,169 liberty in virtual reality, often 290 00:10:22,170 --> 00:10:24,029 will be able to choose the parameters of 291 00:10:24,030 --> 00:10:25,569 a virtual reality. 292 00:10:25,570 --> 00:10:27,419 So we see that in terms of this first 293 00:10:27,420 --> 00:10:29,819 type of liberty, transhumanism 294 00:10:29,820 --> 00:10:30,860 greatly augmented. 295 00:10:32,070 --> 00:10:34,019 But what we also see is that the very 296 00:10:34,020 --> 00:10:36,239 idea of transhumanism, the idea 297 00:10:36,240 --> 00:10:38,459 of technology so powerful that we could 298 00:10:38,460 --> 00:10:40,769 fundamentally transform our bodies and 299 00:10:40,770 --> 00:10:43,199 the world around us gives humanity 300 00:10:43,200 --> 00:10:45,269 a second type of liberty, which is the 301 00:10:45,270 --> 00:10:47,489 ability to design the environment 302 00:10:47,490 --> 00:10:49,649 in which we exercise the first type of 303 00:10:49,650 --> 00:10:50,650 liberty. 304 00:10:51,270 --> 00:10:52,739 But although this is relatively clear 305 00:10:52,740 --> 00:10:54,209 when we talk about transhumanism and how 306 00:10:54,210 --> 00:10:55,320 it changes our environment, 307 00:10:57,420 --> 00:10:59,789 both Transhumanist and liberals focus 308 00:10:59,790 --> 00:11:01,469 on the first type of liberty. 309 00:11:01,470 --> 00:11:03,689 So we all know Transhumanist 310 00:11:03,690 --> 00:11:06,209 make great promises about how augmenting 311 00:11:06,210 --> 00:11:08,219 our body will free us from natural and 312 00:11:08,220 --> 00:11:09,359 biological constraints. 313 00:11:09,360 --> 00:11:11,189 And that's the first type of liberty. 314 00:11:11,190 --> 00:11:13,259 But I want to talk a bit also 315 00:11:13,260 --> 00:11:14,879 about how liberals focus on the first 316 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:16,379 type of liberty. And to be clear here, 317 00:11:16,380 --> 00:11:18,299 I'm talking about political liberty, 318 00:11:18,300 --> 00:11:19,949 political liberalism. 319 00:11:19,950 --> 00:11:21,629 So what do we mean by that? 320 00:11:21,630 --> 00:11:23,609 What is political liberalism? 321 00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:25,469 So first of all, political liberalism, it 322 00:11:25,470 --> 00:11:27,629 only recognize the first type of liberty, 323 00:11:27,630 --> 00:11:29,729 the liberty to act in a specific way, 324 00:11:29,730 --> 00:11:31,829 in a specific situation, and 325 00:11:31,830 --> 00:11:34,319 in order to protect this liberty, 326 00:11:34,320 --> 00:11:36,389 it limits the function 327 00:11:36,390 --> 00:11:38,100 and the power of the state. 328 00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:42,329 So going back to the two types of 329 00:11:42,330 --> 00:11:44,189 liberty, it only recognizes this first 330 00:11:44,190 --> 00:11:45,899 type of liberty doesn't even consider the 331 00:11:45,900 --> 00:11:48,059 second type, and it builds 332 00:11:48,060 --> 00:11:49,619 the whole state mechanism around this 333 00:11:49,620 --> 00:11:51,899 first type of liberty while ignoring 334 00:11:51,900 --> 00:11:52,900 the second. 335 00:11:53,810 --> 00:11:56,059 So how does the liberal state function, 336 00:11:56,060 --> 00:11:58,159 how is it how is it structured to protect 337 00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:00,529 this type of liberty and 338 00:12:00,530 --> 00:12:02,359 the function of the state? 339 00:12:02,360 --> 00:12:03,589 It's quite small. 340 00:12:03,590 --> 00:12:05,089 The function of the state is to ensure 341 00:12:05,090 --> 00:12:07,729 peace, protect individual liberties 342 00:12:07,730 --> 00:12:10,219 and provide some basic services. 343 00:12:10,220 --> 00:12:11,839 These are the functions of the state. 344 00:12:11,840 --> 00:12:13,759 The state has no role in formulating or 345 00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:16,819 enacting collective visions 346 00:12:16,820 --> 00:12:18,379 and the power of the state, which is to 347 00:12:18,380 --> 00:12:20,449 say the state's ability to carry out 348 00:12:20,450 --> 00:12:22,999 its functions is further limited 349 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:25,099 by a constitution and individual 350 00:12:25,100 --> 00:12:26,029 rights. 351 00:12:26,030 --> 00:12:28,369 So this liberal state is based 352 00:12:28,370 --> 00:12:30,199 and is built around this first type of 353 00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:32,599 liberty, the individual liberty 354 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:34,549 to act in a specific way, in a specific 355 00:12:34,550 --> 00:12:35,869 situation. 356 00:12:35,870 --> 00:12:37,759 But of course, as we've just been talking 357 00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:39,919 about 20 minutes, isn't 358 00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:41,329 an individual choice. 359 00:12:41,330 --> 00:12:43,549 Transhumanism is a collective choice. 360 00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:47,359 What I mean by that is that what 361 00:12:47,360 --> 00:12:49,549 is at stake with transhumanism 362 00:12:49,550 --> 00:12:51,469 is our collective future and not just 363 00:12:51,470 --> 00:12:53,269 individual future and therefore 364 00:12:53,270 --> 00:12:56,059 individual liberty and individual choices 365 00:12:56,060 --> 00:12:58,189 on adequate ways of 366 00:12:58,190 --> 00:12:59,689 dealing with transhumanism. 367 00:12:59,690 --> 00:13:00,769 Why? 368 00:13:00,770 --> 00:13:03,349 Because the transhumanism movement 369 00:13:03,350 --> 00:13:04,820 and all the movements within it, 370 00:13:05,900 --> 00:13:07,969 they would affect us all as a 371 00:13:07,970 --> 00:13:09,559 group. They wouldn't just affect the 372 00:13:09,560 --> 00:13:11,659 individual who made the choice to enhance 373 00:13:11,660 --> 00:13:14,149 himself using a specific technology. 374 00:13:14,150 --> 00:13:15,409 It would affect us all. 375 00:13:15,410 --> 00:13:17,389 So on the one hand, and most obviously 376 00:13:17,390 --> 00:13:19,279 what is at stake with transhumanism is 377 00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:21,620 the future of the human species itself. 378 00:13:22,710 --> 00:13:25,049 In other words, how 379 00:13:25,050 --> 00:13:26,819 so, let's say, OK, first of all, are we 380 00:13:26,820 --> 00:13:28,919 going to enhance the human species 381 00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:31,259 using technology and if so, how what 382 00:13:31,260 --> 00:13:33,479 types what types of enhancements 383 00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:36,059 will we use and will particularly 384 00:13:36,060 --> 00:13:37,919 when enhancing the human body? 385 00:13:37,920 --> 00:13:40,409 What is the essence we're trying 386 00:13:40,410 --> 00:13:41,579 to keep? 387 00:13:41,580 --> 00:13:43,739 Is there some human essence that must 388 00:13:43,740 --> 00:13:45,329 be retained in order for us to remain 389 00:13:45,330 --> 00:13:48,149 human or do we even care about being. 390 00:13:48,150 --> 00:13:50,099 So it's clear and that case is it 391 00:13:50,100 --> 00:13:51,779 transhumanism is a question about the 392 00:13:51,780 --> 00:13:52,859 human species. 393 00:13:52,860 --> 00:13:54,029 How are we going to change it? 394 00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:56,069 Is it going to be surpassed or merely 395 00:13:56,070 --> 00:13:57,070 augmented? 396 00:13:59,300 --> 00:14:01,459 Anyone who's ever tried 397 00:14:01,460 --> 00:14:03,679 to live in modern society, say 398 00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:05,749 without a phone or laptop or a 399 00:14:05,750 --> 00:14:08,869 car, knows that technology 400 00:14:08,870 --> 00:14:11,149 is increasingly sort of an 401 00:14:11,150 --> 00:14:13,549 entering pass into modern society. 402 00:14:13,550 --> 00:14:15,439 And so transhumanism is also a question 403 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:17,719 about the future of society, because 404 00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:19,789 ultimately, if enhancements 405 00:14:19,790 --> 00:14:21,649 become the norm for specific enhancement 406 00:14:21,650 --> 00:14:23,749 becomes the norm, it will probably become 407 00:14:23,750 --> 00:14:25,879 an interesting pass into 408 00:14:25,880 --> 00:14:27,249 the society of the future. 409 00:14:29,500 --> 00:14:32,499 And finally, as we already talked about, 410 00:14:32,500 --> 00:14:34,149 the energy needs of the computers of the 411 00:14:34,150 --> 00:14:36,369 future will be such that the chances 412 00:14:36,370 --> 00:14:38,499 are that transhumanism is also 413 00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:39,639 a question about the future of the 414 00:14:39,640 --> 00:14:40,839 planet. 415 00:14:40,840 --> 00:14:42,519 If we're all living in virtual reality, 416 00:14:42,520 --> 00:14:44,739 we may not care that much if the planet 417 00:14:44,740 --> 00:14:46,809 is colonized for its energy needs, 418 00:14:46,810 --> 00:14:48,249 but some of us might. 419 00:14:48,250 --> 00:14:50,649 So we see here that transhumanism 420 00:14:50,650 --> 00:14:52,899 is very much a collective choice and 421 00:14:52,900 --> 00:14:55,629 that whatever happens, our technological 422 00:14:55,630 --> 00:14:57,729 future will affect us all. 423 00:14:57,730 --> 00:14:59,949 It will not just affect those who choose 424 00:14:59,950 --> 00:15:00,950 to augment themselves. 425 00:15:03,310 --> 00:15:04,310 Now, 426 00:15:05,380 --> 00:15:07,629 going back to what we were first talking 427 00:15:07,630 --> 00:15:09,039 about in terms of playgrounds and 428 00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:11,409 environment, if we increasingly 429 00:15:11,410 --> 00:15:13,719 live in a technological playground, as 430 00:15:13,720 --> 00:15:15,429 we would in transhumanism, because in 431 00:15:15,430 --> 00:15:18,129 transhumanism, even a body 432 00:15:18,130 --> 00:15:20,099 would be primarily technological. 433 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:22,719 So if we increasingly live in a 434 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:25,629 technological playground, if the rules 435 00:15:25,630 --> 00:15:27,249 we live by are increasingly 436 00:15:27,250 --> 00:15:29,319 technological, if the limits we have 437 00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:30,909 to adhere to are increasingly 438 00:15:30,910 --> 00:15:33,009 technological limits, then shouldn't 439 00:15:33,010 --> 00:15:35,349 we have or should we all have a say 440 00:15:35,350 --> 00:15:37,029 in the design of this playground? 441 00:15:37,030 --> 00:15:39,129 Shouldn't we all have a say in what the 442 00:15:39,130 --> 00:15:40,839 rules are going to be for this new 443 00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:41,840 playground? 444 00:15:45,340 --> 00:15:47,699 Then the question becomes, OK, 445 00:15:47,700 --> 00:15:50,099 so humanity 446 00:15:50,100 --> 00:15:51,479 in a sense, is faced with a collective 447 00:15:51,480 --> 00:15:53,669 choice about our technological 448 00:15:53,670 --> 00:15:54,670 future. 449 00:15:55,110 --> 00:15:57,029 How what is the technological 450 00:15:57,030 --> 00:15:59,579 environment? We want to live our future. 451 00:15:59,580 --> 00:16:00,839 But then the question quickly becomes, 452 00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:02,849 OK, so we all want to have a voice in 453 00:16:02,850 --> 00:16:04,979 this, but we're 454 00:16:04,980 --> 00:16:06,359 not all hackers. 455 00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:07,949 We're not all working on AI. 456 00:16:07,950 --> 00:16:09,269 We're not all going to be directly 457 00:16:09,270 --> 00:16:11,669 involved with the technological 458 00:16:11,670 --> 00:16:12,689 revolution that's going to make it 459 00:16:12,690 --> 00:16:14,399 happen. So how can we be heard? 460 00:16:16,120 --> 00:16:18,969 The liberal solution, the solution 461 00:16:18,970 --> 00:16:21,929 that we're currently slouching towards. 462 00:16:21,930 --> 00:16:23,809 Is the market one, 463 00:16:25,380 --> 00:16:27,899 so what does it mean to leave technology 464 00:16:27,900 --> 00:16:30,029 to the market or to leave it to 465 00:16:30,030 --> 00:16:30,989 the individual? 466 00:16:30,990 --> 00:16:34,049 Because that's how rarely do we hear 467 00:16:34,050 --> 00:16:35,099 leave it just to the market? 468 00:16:35,100 --> 00:16:36,269 And they always say leave it to 469 00:16:36,270 --> 00:16:37,479 individual choice. 470 00:16:37,480 --> 00:16:39,539 But what is individual choice in 471 00:16:39,540 --> 00:16:41,339 this case mean? What does it mean to 472 00:16:41,340 --> 00:16:43,199 leave technological development up to 473 00:16:43,200 --> 00:16:44,429 individual choice? 474 00:16:44,430 --> 00:16:45,809 What is the individual choice we're 475 00:16:45,810 --> 00:16:47,479 talking about here? 476 00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:49,339 The individual choice when it comes to 477 00:16:49,340 --> 00:16:51,619 new technology is essentially whether 478 00:16:51,620 --> 00:16:53,449 to buy something or not. 479 00:16:53,450 --> 00:16:56,099 And so the real choice is made before. 480 00:16:56,100 --> 00:16:57,929 When we decide, when people decide what 481 00:16:57,930 --> 00:16:59,999 technology to develop, what 482 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:01,250 research to fund. 483 00:17:02,880 --> 00:17:05,009 And as you guys all know, who 484 00:17:05,010 --> 00:17:07,529 are the primary funders of, let's say, 485 00:17:07,530 --> 00:17:10,169 probably the most important 486 00:17:10,170 --> 00:17:11,459 research field at the moment? 487 00:17:11,460 --> 00:17:13,199 Artificial intelligence, certainly one of 488 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:14,939 the most popular and the one that could 489 00:17:14,940 --> 00:17:17,009 possibly create a form 490 00:17:17,010 --> 00:17:19,409 of super intelligence to who funds 491 00:17:19,410 --> 00:17:20,410 this type of research. 492 00:17:21,390 --> 00:17:23,309 We all know about Amazon and Apple and 493 00:17:23,310 --> 00:17:24,389 Google. 494 00:17:24,390 --> 00:17:25,679 And most of you also know that, of 495 00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:27,719 course, perhaps the biggest funder of the 496 00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:30,569 mall is the US Department of Defense. 497 00:17:30,570 --> 00:17:32,489 So when we talk about leaving 498 00:17:32,490 --> 00:17:34,979 technological or technological future 499 00:17:34,980 --> 00:17:37,229 up to the choice of the individual, let's 500 00:17:37,230 --> 00:17:38,819 be very clear that we're talking about 501 00:17:38,820 --> 00:17:40,979 letting the individual decide whether 502 00:17:40,980 --> 00:17:42,689 or not to buy the technologies that are 503 00:17:42,690 --> 00:17:44,879 brought to us by Amazon, by Google, 504 00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:47,129 by Apple and by the US 505 00:17:47,130 --> 00:17:48,130 Defense Department. 506 00:17:52,130 --> 00:17:54,169 And there's another problem with leaving 507 00:17:54,170 --> 00:17:56,479 the choice of a collective 508 00:17:56,480 --> 00:17:59,419 future up to the individual, 509 00:17:59,420 --> 00:18:01,699 because a sum of individual choices, 510 00:18:01,700 --> 00:18:03,259 a sum of individual choices to buy 511 00:18:03,260 --> 00:18:05,089 something for themselves, a choice that 512 00:18:05,090 --> 00:18:07,189 they make with themselves in mind, that 513 00:18:07,190 --> 00:18:09,049 doesn't equal a collective decision. 514 00:18:09,050 --> 00:18:11,509 It's not saying just by aggregating 515 00:18:11,510 --> 00:18:13,489 individual choices, we don't create a 516 00:18:13,490 --> 00:18:14,749 collective decision 517 00:18:17,270 --> 00:18:18,270 now. 518 00:18:18,740 --> 00:18:20,390 So the paradox we're getting to here. 519 00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:22,440 Is it? 520 00:18:23,240 --> 00:18:25,339 Transhumanism can't simply be left 521 00:18:25,340 --> 00:18:26,749 to the individual because leaving it up 522 00:18:26,750 --> 00:18:28,279 to the individual isn't really giving the 523 00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:30,429 individual much of a choice at all, 524 00:18:30,430 --> 00:18:31,819 simply giving him the choice whether to 525 00:18:31,820 --> 00:18:34,009 buy something or not, something 526 00:18:34,010 --> 00:18:36,199 that was created without any input from 527 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:37,039 him. 528 00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:39,169 So it seems 529 00:18:39,170 --> 00:18:42,019 on the one hand that politics 530 00:18:42,020 --> 00:18:43,609 must be the means by which you decide 531 00:18:43,610 --> 00:18:45,529 because what is politics? 532 00:18:45,530 --> 00:18:47,689 Forget specific government for 533 00:18:47,690 --> 00:18:49,909 a second. Politics from 534 00:18:49,910 --> 00:18:51,829 the very beginning is the means by which 535 00:18:51,830 --> 00:18:53,959 humans make collective choices about 536 00:18:53,960 --> 00:18:56,359 the organization, about the environment 537 00:18:56,360 --> 00:18:58,879 in which they live, about their futures. 538 00:18:58,880 --> 00:19:01,609 So in other words, if transhumanism 539 00:19:01,610 --> 00:19:03,709 on a technological future is a 540 00:19:03,710 --> 00:19:05,989 choice about the collective environment 541 00:19:05,990 --> 00:19:07,819 in which we wish to live, we wish to 542 00:19:07,820 --> 00:19:10,309 live, then politics would seem 543 00:19:10,310 --> 00:19:12,889 the natural way, the natural way 544 00:19:12,890 --> 00:19:15,199 to decide upon this collective choice. 545 00:19:15,200 --> 00:19:17,299 Except that we don't just live in 546 00:19:17,300 --> 00:19:18,799 a political society. 547 00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:21,229 We live in a liberal society, 548 00:19:21,230 --> 00:19:23,329 politically liberal society. 549 00:19:23,330 --> 00:19:26,449 And the specificity of liberalism 550 00:19:26,450 --> 00:19:28,669 is it. It's a political doctrine that 551 00:19:28,670 --> 00:19:31,219 refuses to endorse or enact substantive 552 00:19:31,220 --> 00:19:33,229 collective visions of the future. 553 00:19:33,230 --> 00:19:36,079 Or in other words, if politics 554 00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:37,699 is the tool with which humans come 555 00:19:37,700 --> 00:19:39,559 together and make collective decisions 556 00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:41,599 about the organization and their future, 557 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:43,999 liberalism is the political doctrine 558 00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:46,309 that is giving up this unique 559 00:19:46,310 --> 00:19:48,469 possibility and power of 560 00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:49,470 politics. 561 00:19:51,770 --> 00:19:52,770 So. 562 00:19:54,250 --> 00:19:56,979 Now, none of you guys wanted to accept 563 00:19:56,980 --> 00:19:58,389 a government laptop. 564 00:19:58,390 --> 00:19:59,390 I wouldn't either. 565 00:20:00,700 --> 00:20:02,799 But one of the things that the example 566 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:04,989 of the laptops makes clear 567 00:20:04,990 --> 00:20:06,969 and the fact that although none of us 568 00:20:06,970 --> 00:20:08,289 here would necessarily accept a 569 00:20:08,290 --> 00:20:10,389 government issued laptop, we're all 570 00:20:10,390 --> 00:20:13,239 happy to use the Internet, 571 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:15,339 the darknet satellites, 572 00:20:15,340 --> 00:20:18,009 all things that were mainly funded 573 00:20:18,010 --> 00:20:20,259 by various governments, mainly the US. 574 00:20:20,260 --> 00:20:22,539 So we're all relatively happy 575 00:20:22,540 --> 00:20:24,609 to use these technologies 576 00:20:24,610 --> 00:20:25,629 that essentially came from our 577 00:20:25,630 --> 00:20:26,630 government. 578 00:20:27,250 --> 00:20:28,959 And with the existence of all these 579 00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:30,699 technology showed the fact that the 580 00:20:30,700 --> 00:20:33,189 darknet, the Internet satellite, 581 00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:35,469 virtually every major technology 582 00:20:35,470 --> 00:20:37,149 can in some way be traced back to 583 00:20:37,150 --> 00:20:38,989 government initiative. 584 00:20:38,990 --> 00:20:41,799 Is that just because technology 585 00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:43,899 isn't political, just because we 586 00:20:43,900 --> 00:20:45,819 don't consider it political doesn't mean 587 00:20:45,820 --> 00:20:48,309 the government doesn't have a Tandan. 588 00:20:48,310 --> 00:20:50,679 What I mean by that is just because 589 00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:52,389 we aren't coming together as a political 590 00:20:52,390 --> 00:20:54,819 entity to decide upon, to discuss 591 00:20:54,820 --> 00:20:57,189 and decide upon a technological future 592 00:20:57,190 --> 00:20:59,199 doesn't mean that our government doesn't 593 00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:01,329 have its hands everywhere 594 00:21:01,330 --> 00:21:04,089 in our technological future 595 00:21:04,090 --> 00:21:05,090 and present. 596 00:21:05,950 --> 00:21:08,259 The difference is, is 597 00:21:08,260 --> 00:21:10,329 it when technology is not 598 00:21:10,330 --> 00:21:12,399 political, when technology 599 00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:14,529 is not something around which we 600 00:21:14,530 --> 00:21:16,749 gather to decide collectively, when 601 00:21:16,750 --> 00:21:19,299 we ignore the fact that technology 602 00:21:19,300 --> 00:21:21,279 is another type of collective environment 603 00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:23,079 in which we all live. 604 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:25,149 When we ignore this, we don't 605 00:21:25,150 --> 00:21:26,889 simply get the government outside of 606 00:21:26,890 --> 00:21:28,059 technology. 607 00:21:28,060 --> 00:21:30,789 It's just that the government pursues 608 00:21:30,790 --> 00:21:32,859 technology for its own ends, for its 609 00:21:32,860 --> 00:21:34,270 own ends and not. 610 00:21:35,420 --> 00:21:37,549 For the ends of them collectively agreed 611 00:21:37,550 --> 00:21:39,349 upon vision of the future. 612 00:21:39,350 --> 00:21:41,839 So simplify 613 00:21:41,840 --> 00:21:43,459 things drastically. 614 00:21:43,460 --> 00:21:45,769 Most major government 615 00:21:45,770 --> 00:21:48,499 technology initiatives, as we all know, 616 00:21:48,500 --> 00:21:49,909 they come from the Defense Department. 617 00:21:51,020 --> 00:21:53,299 Most of the government 618 00:21:53,300 --> 00:21:55,549 initiatives in technology have something 619 00:21:55,550 --> 00:21:58,309 to do with defense 620 00:21:58,310 --> 00:21:59,539 or attack. 621 00:21:59,540 --> 00:22:02,239 They have to do with war. 622 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:03,240 Um, 623 00:22:06,140 --> 00:22:07,140 and so. 624 00:22:10,520 --> 00:22:12,349 What this leads us to realize is that. 625 00:22:14,980 --> 00:22:17,529 Making technology political 626 00:22:17,530 --> 00:22:19,659 is not giving new powers to the 627 00:22:19,660 --> 00:22:21,849 government, in a sense, it 628 00:22:21,850 --> 00:22:23,649 can be seen as quite the opposite 629 00:22:24,730 --> 00:22:26,949 because whenever something ceases 630 00:22:26,950 --> 00:22:28,059 to become political. 631 00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:31,469 The government simply has a free rein to 632 00:22:31,470 --> 00:22:33,659 do what it will, and that's sphere 633 00:22:33,660 --> 00:22:35,339 because there is no mandate from the 634 00:22:35,340 --> 00:22:37,649 people, from the political entity about 635 00:22:37,650 --> 00:22:39,539 what to do in that given sphere. 636 00:22:39,540 --> 00:22:41,759 In a sense, only only 637 00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:44,579 once we recognize that technology 638 00:22:44,580 --> 00:22:46,469 is political, only once you recognize 639 00:22:46,470 --> 00:22:49,469 that transhumanism would constitute 640 00:22:49,470 --> 00:22:51,689 a new environment, a 641 00:22:51,690 --> 00:22:53,429 new set of rules within which we would 642 00:22:53,430 --> 00:22:54,619 live. 643 00:22:54,620 --> 00:22:56,609 Only when we recognize this and 644 00:22:56,610 --> 00:22:58,709 recognize, furthermore, that we all 645 00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:59,789 would like to. 646 00:22:59,790 --> 00:23:02,039 And I must have a say in the design 647 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:04,019 of this future environment. 648 00:23:04,020 --> 00:23:05,020 Only then 649 00:23:06,240 --> 00:23:08,789 can technology become something political 650 00:23:08,790 --> 00:23:11,219 once again instead of being something 651 00:23:11,220 --> 00:23:12,720 that is supposedly neutral, 652 00:23:14,190 --> 00:23:16,409 which it is today, and something which 653 00:23:16,410 --> 00:23:18,809 can simply be used according 654 00:23:18,810 --> 00:23:21,989 to the whims and goals of specific 655 00:23:21,990 --> 00:23:23,549 parts of the US government and all 656 00:23:23,550 --> 00:23:25,139 governments, but especially the US 657 00:23:25,140 --> 00:23:27,449 Defense Department, which has such 658 00:23:27,450 --> 00:23:29,549 a lovely, such a large and untouchable 659 00:23:29,550 --> 00:23:30,869 budget. 660 00:23:30,870 --> 00:23:31,870 Um, 661 00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:34,000 so to phrase it, 662 00:23:35,970 --> 00:23:37,979 I think the essential transhumanist 663 00:23:37,980 --> 00:23:40,259 paradox has to do with these two 664 00:23:40,260 --> 00:23:41,260 types of liberties. 665 00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:44,309 On the one hand, we have what could be 666 00:23:44,310 --> 00:23:46,349 called the liberal liberty to liberty. 667 00:23:46,350 --> 00:23:47,909 We think about when we think of the word 668 00:23:47,910 --> 00:23:50,189 liberty and it's the liberty to choose 669 00:23:50,190 --> 00:23:51,960 what to do in a specific situation. 670 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:55,059 That is the liberal liberty, that is the 671 00:23:55,060 --> 00:23:57,309 liberty that our states are built 672 00:23:57,310 --> 00:23:58,310 to protect, 673 00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:01,899 but that liberty to choose what to do 674 00:24:01,900 --> 00:24:04,129 in a specific situation. 675 00:24:04,130 --> 00:24:05,130 It's nothing. 676 00:24:06,670 --> 00:24:08,559 If we don't also have the liberty to 677 00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:10,629 deliberate upon and choose our 678 00:24:10,630 --> 00:24:12,819 common future for much of human 679 00:24:12,820 --> 00:24:14,739 history, this, the simple fact has been 680 00:24:14,740 --> 00:24:16,209 obscured by the fact that we haven't had 681 00:24:16,210 --> 00:24:18,550 the technological means to decide 682 00:24:19,660 --> 00:24:21,609 about the environment in which we live. 683 00:24:21,610 --> 00:24:23,589 We've decided politically we've been able 684 00:24:23,590 --> 00:24:26,079 to change the laws under which we live. 685 00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:28,239 But the basic rules, say, of a body 686 00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:30,279 and of the natural world around us, those 687 00:24:30,280 --> 00:24:31,599 have been outside of our scope. 688 00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:33,189 We haven't been able to deliberate upon 689 00:24:33,190 --> 00:24:34,929 them because we couldn't do anything to 690 00:24:34,930 --> 00:24:35,829 them. 691 00:24:35,830 --> 00:24:37,449 But today we're entering. 692 00:24:37,450 --> 00:24:39,579 We're just beginning to enter the era 693 00:24:39,580 --> 00:24:41,529 where we will have that choice, where we 694 00:24:41,530 --> 00:24:43,719 have the technological capabilities to 695 00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:45,999 redesign the basic environment, the basic 696 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:48,279 rules and laws under which we live. 697 00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:50,259 These are laws much more basic than our 698 00:24:50,260 --> 00:24:51,279 political laws. 699 00:24:51,280 --> 00:24:53,229 These are the laws of our body. 700 00:24:53,230 --> 00:24:55,119 These are the laws of the type of reality 701 00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:55,929 we live in. 702 00:24:55,930 --> 00:24:58,149 And these are the laws 703 00:24:58,150 --> 00:25:00,010 and the state of the earth we live on. 704 00:25:01,630 --> 00:25:04,059 And so only if we recognize this basic 705 00:25:04,060 --> 00:25:06,279 fact that we are growing 706 00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:07,269 technological power. 707 00:25:07,270 --> 00:25:09,099 We've also opened up a new type of 708 00:25:09,100 --> 00:25:10,100 liberty. 709 00:25:10,570 --> 00:25:12,789 Only if we recognize that this new type 710 00:25:12,790 --> 00:25:15,039 of liberty demands input 711 00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:16,749 from all of us and that it's a collective 712 00:25:16,750 --> 00:25:17,750 decision. 713 00:25:18,490 --> 00:25:20,679 Only then will we be able 714 00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:22,809 to transcend what I like to call the 715 00:25:22,810 --> 00:25:24,459 transhumanist paradox. 716 00:25:24,460 --> 00:25:25,460 Thank you. 717 00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:36,800 Whew, 718 00:25:38,170 --> 00:25:40,149 we could probably be sitting here and 719 00:25:40,150 --> 00:25:42,279 discuss this topic till 720 00:25:42,280 --> 00:25:43,280 dawn. 721 00:25:44,260 --> 00:25:46,659 So you really took my breath 722 00:25:46,660 --> 00:25:47,660 away. 723 00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:50,289 Guys, I suppose 724 00:25:50,290 --> 00:25:52,479 we have a tremendous amount of questions 725 00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:53,480 out there, isn't it? 726 00:25:55,710 --> 00:25:58,079 Jesus or savior, 727 00:25:58,080 --> 00:25:59,080 the savior? 728 00:26:00,530 --> 00:26:02,999 Their police shoot. 729 00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:05,069 So are you saying that 730 00:26:05,070 --> 00:26:08,159 in order to have transhumanist 731 00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:11,099 utopia instead of a dystopia, 732 00:26:11,100 --> 00:26:13,289 we would simply 733 00:26:13,290 --> 00:26:15,839 need to have software 734 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:18,149 and hardware, of course, as technology 735 00:26:18,150 --> 00:26:21,119 as open as possible for 736 00:26:21,120 --> 00:26:22,320 all kinds of people, 737 00:26:23,520 --> 00:26:25,739 as well as well open 738 00:26:25,740 --> 00:26:27,839 to modify and 739 00:26:27,840 --> 00:26:29,909 democratically deliberate upon 740 00:26:29,910 --> 00:26:31,439 by as many people as possible. 741 00:26:34,380 --> 00:26:35,429 In theory, I agree. 742 00:26:35,430 --> 00:26:37,679 But in practice, 743 00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:40,019 by opening, by opening up, 744 00:26:40,020 --> 00:26:41,789 by simply opening up, say, software and 745 00:26:41,790 --> 00:26:43,859 hardware, aren't 746 00:26:43,860 --> 00:26:45,689 you essentially putting our futures in 747 00:26:45,690 --> 00:26:47,159 the hands of the most technologically 748 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:50,219 capable and the most technologically? 749 00:26:50,220 --> 00:26:51,209 Yeah, it seems like, yes. 750 00:26:51,210 --> 00:26:53,009 Well, OK. Well, you and I come at this 751 00:26:53,010 --> 00:26:54,719 from different points of view because 752 00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:56,639 you're very competent on a computer. 753 00:26:56,640 --> 00:26:58,979 I could barely get my PowerPoint to one. 754 00:26:58,980 --> 00:27:00,689 So I think we simply come at this 755 00:27:00,690 --> 00:27:02,249 question from two different. 756 00:27:02,250 --> 00:27:04,349 But are you avoided to take your computer 757 00:27:04,350 --> 00:27:06,599 here on the stage so 758 00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:08,369 you wouldn't hack it? 759 00:27:08,370 --> 00:27:10,079 Exactly. 760 00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:12,209 And thanks for the 761 00:27:12,210 --> 00:27:15,059 talk. It was very interesting 762 00:27:15,060 --> 00:27:17,129 what you mentioned about the 763 00:27:17,130 --> 00:27:19,079 fact that people would not use, 764 00:27:20,610 --> 00:27:22,899 as we saw, for example, 765 00:27:22,900 --> 00:27:25,289 an American government issued a 766 00:27:26,400 --> 00:27:27,400 computer. 767 00:27:28,470 --> 00:27:31,109 It maybe forgets, forget support that 768 00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:33,599 government already vets' 769 00:27:33,600 --> 00:27:35,969 norms, standards already meets 770 00:27:35,970 --> 00:27:38,299 guidelines, already is 771 00:27:38,300 --> 00:27:41,309 implied in many, many levels 772 00:27:41,310 --> 00:27:43,499 without even considering 773 00:27:43,500 --> 00:27:45,479 the fact that they were behind the 774 00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:47,159 beginning of a technology. 775 00:27:47,160 --> 00:27:49,499 So can we still consider 776 00:27:49,500 --> 00:27:52,569 that we are in the liberal, 777 00:27:52,570 --> 00:27:54,509 in fact, on this? 778 00:27:54,510 --> 00:27:56,459 But since we already have this 779 00:27:56,460 --> 00:27:58,380 implication at 780 00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:01,829 pretty much every level, be it 781 00:28:01,830 --> 00:28:03,929 a first idea 782 00:28:03,930 --> 00:28:06,389 or the way it's implemented 783 00:28:06,390 --> 00:28:07,979 afterwards, but I think that's precisely 784 00:28:07,980 --> 00:28:10,109 the point within a liberal framework 785 00:28:10,110 --> 00:28:12,209 we have for liberty, because the 786 00:28:12,210 --> 00:28:14,609 liberal liberty is simply the liberty 787 00:28:14,610 --> 00:28:16,409 to choose between specific things. 788 00:28:16,410 --> 00:28:18,029 In a sense, it ignores, like you say, the 789 00:28:18,030 --> 00:28:19,709 larger environment in which all the 790 00:28:19,710 --> 00:28:21,119 laptops we choose from, even if they 791 00:28:21,120 --> 00:28:22,649 don't directly come from the government, 792 00:28:22,650 --> 00:28:24,929 are vetted by them, or the fact that many 793 00:28:24,930 --> 00:28:27,059 of the basic technologies that all these 794 00:28:27,060 --> 00:28:29,129 things rely upon were initially developed 795 00:28:29,130 --> 00:28:29,819 by them. 796 00:28:29,820 --> 00:28:31,229 So, yes, the fact that the larger 797 00:28:31,230 --> 00:28:33,149 environment is in many ways controlled by 798 00:28:33,150 --> 00:28:34,439 the government is precisely what 799 00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:36,060 liberalism can afford to ignore 800 00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:39,419 that that was not what I 801 00:28:39,420 --> 00:28:40,770 was aiming at 802 00:28:41,850 --> 00:28:43,410 more than 803 00:28:44,520 --> 00:28:46,779 is it a ruleset is it's our government 804 00:28:46,780 --> 00:28:47,489 ruleset. 805 00:28:47,490 --> 00:28:49,769 Is it is it something like you have 806 00:28:49,770 --> 00:28:51,899 to right now the choice 807 00:28:51,900 --> 00:28:54,299 to actually follow those guidelines 808 00:28:54,300 --> 00:28:56,009 for a couple of things? 809 00:28:56,010 --> 00:28:58,079 So you already as a liberal, 810 00:28:58,080 --> 00:28:59,969 but that the government is still 811 00:28:59,970 --> 00:29:02,789 employed, so which 812 00:29:02,790 --> 00:29:05,099 does not render the paradox moot, but 813 00:29:06,370 --> 00:29:08,039 the fact that we have the choice whether 814 00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:09,479 to go along with it or not. 815 00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:11,129 Yeah, well, but that's the thing. 816 00:29:11,130 --> 00:29:13,199 As I talked about before, when 817 00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:15,239 it comes to technology, first of all, 818 00:29:15,240 --> 00:29:16,949 technology transforms what it means to be 819 00:29:16,950 --> 00:29:18,749 a human. And second of all, when a 820 00:29:18,750 --> 00:29:20,999 technology becomes adopted 821 00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:23,309 widespread enough, then it becomes an 822 00:29:23,310 --> 00:29:25,169 entry pass for society. 823 00:29:25,170 --> 00:29:26,399 In other words, you can't really 824 00:29:26,400 --> 00:29:28,499 meaningfully interact or 825 00:29:28,500 --> 00:29:30,689 take part in a society without also 826 00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:32,459 using these basic technologies that make 827 00:29:32,460 --> 00:29:34,769 it up. So and that sense 828 00:29:34,770 --> 00:29:36,869 that the choice whether to use or 829 00:29:36,870 --> 00:29:38,699 not to use isn't much of a choice at all, 830 00:29:38,700 --> 00:29:41,699 especially when we consider that 831 00:29:41,700 --> 00:29:43,589 the larger choice that we're faced with 832 00:29:43,590 --> 00:29:44,489 is multipolar. 833 00:29:44,490 --> 00:29:46,829 It's not between using something or not. 834 00:29:46,830 --> 00:29:47,879 It's a question of what are we going to 835 00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:48,930 build in the first place? 836 00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:53,209 Man, several questions 837 00:29:53,210 --> 00:29:55,129 I start there, sir. 838 00:29:55,130 --> 00:29:56,660 Yes, you, you, you, you. 839 00:29:57,990 --> 00:30:00,149 Um, I would like to 840 00:30:00,150 --> 00:30:03,329 ask, um, what if the transhumanist 841 00:30:03,330 --> 00:30:05,579 technology will only be available 842 00:30:05,580 --> 00:30:08,069 for the, um, for the rich? 843 00:30:08,070 --> 00:30:09,819 So how will you prevent it? 844 00:30:09,820 --> 00:30:10,709 Uh, development. 845 00:30:10,710 --> 00:30:12,929 I mean, just, uh, a lot of interest to 846 00:30:12,930 --> 00:30:15,149 keep it only to a small 847 00:30:15,150 --> 00:30:16,739 amount of people. 848 00:30:16,740 --> 00:30:18,779 And and I think that goes back. 849 00:30:18,780 --> 00:30:20,129 I think that that's one of the big 850 00:30:20,130 --> 00:30:21,689 worries about transhumanism. 851 00:30:21,690 --> 00:30:23,339 And that's one of the that's yet another 852 00:30:23,340 --> 00:30:25,409 argument against 853 00:30:25,410 --> 00:30:26,819 dealing with technology within the 854 00:30:26,820 --> 00:30:28,919 liberal framework, because if 855 00:30:28,920 --> 00:30:30,869 we leave it within the liberal framework 856 00:30:30,870 --> 00:30:32,609 of liberty, you have the choice to buy 857 00:30:32,610 --> 00:30:34,289 something or not. Like you say, the 858 00:30:34,290 --> 00:30:36,389 technology will initially 859 00:30:36,390 --> 00:30:37,709 be exorbitantly expensive. 860 00:30:37,710 --> 00:30:39,179 For example, it will be initially 861 00:30:39,180 --> 00:30:41,519 available to those with the most market. 862 00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:42,959 So and I think that's yet another 863 00:30:42,960 --> 00:30:44,849 argument for not staying within the 864 00:30:44,850 --> 00:30:46,919 liberal framework of simple individual 865 00:30:46,920 --> 00:30:47,920 liberty. 866 00:30:49,070 --> 00:30:50,099 Right. 867 00:30:50,100 --> 00:30:52,129 Right, but I don't have a solution. 868 00:30:52,130 --> 00:30:54,289 I'm not saying that I know exactly how 869 00:30:54,290 --> 00:30:56,089 we're going to create the technology and 870 00:30:56,090 --> 00:30:57,319 make sure it gets to everyone. 871 00:30:57,320 --> 00:30:59,059 But I would say that making technology 872 00:30:59,060 --> 00:31:01,819 political, making it a democratic choice 873 00:31:01,820 --> 00:31:03,709 is surely a first step. 874 00:31:03,710 --> 00:31:06,349 You're calling for a system reboot. 875 00:31:06,350 --> 00:31:07,350 Be careful. 876 00:31:09,380 --> 00:31:11,809 We have seen with strong cryptography 877 00:31:11,810 --> 00:31:13,849 that government power to regulate 878 00:31:13,850 --> 00:31:15,829 technology is not limitless. 879 00:31:15,830 --> 00:31:17,989 What makes you think that we even have 880 00:31:17,990 --> 00:31:19,639 this choice whether to regulate 881 00:31:19,640 --> 00:31:21,059 transhumanism or not? 882 00:31:21,060 --> 00:31:23,239 But it's not a question of regulation. 883 00:31:23,240 --> 00:31:24,559 And I think that's a crucial point you 884 00:31:24,560 --> 00:31:26,509 just made, because once a technology 885 00:31:26,510 --> 00:31:28,609 exists, regulating it, like 886 00:31:28,610 --> 00:31:31,609 you say, is more or less pointless. 887 00:31:31,610 --> 00:31:33,049 Let's take the example of the Internet. 888 00:31:33,050 --> 00:31:35,239 The Internet is a basic tool. 889 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,549 Basically, it's a tool for communication 890 00:31:37,550 --> 00:31:39,469 and all efforts, even by governments such 891 00:31:39,470 --> 00:31:42,229 as China, to regulate the Internet, 892 00:31:42,230 --> 00:31:44,269 to squeeze it, to make it different from 893 00:31:44,270 --> 00:31:45,769 what it was originally intended for, 894 00:31:45,770 --> 00:31:47,209 generally fail. 895 00:31:47,210 --> 00:31:49,039 Even someone like me can get beyond the 896 00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:50,359 China censorship laws. 897 00:31:50,360 --> 00:31:51,769 So I think it's precisely a question of 898 00:31:51,770 --> 00:31:53,899 getting beyond regulation and 899 00:31:53,900 --> 00:31:55,459 concentrating on what gets built in the 900 00:31:55,460 --> 00:31:57,529 first place. So projecting ourselves into 901 00:31:57,530 --> 00:31:59,509 the future rather than concentrating on 902 00:31:59,510 --> 00:32:01,759 what already exists, traveling through 903 00:32:01,760 --> 00:32:03,949 times, that's the answer. 904 00:32:03,950 --> 00:32:05,659 Do we still have time for questions? 905 00:32:05,660 --> 00:32:07,820 No, no. 906 00:32:08,840 --> 00:32:10,399 We you know what? 907 00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:11,869 If you have more questions for 908 00:32:13,010 --> 00:32:14,959 the man in green. OK, one more one more 909 00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:15,739 last one. 910 00:32:15,740 --> 00:32:17,959 Do market is 911 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:20,269 working OK to market to have a 912 00:32:20,270 --> 00:32:23,059 partner in the society you imagine 913 00:32:23,060 --> 00:32:24,109 or capitalism. 914 00:32:27,410 --> 00:32:29,779 It's not necessarily that they don't 915 00:32:29,780 --> 00:32:31,969 it's not they don't necessarily not, 916 00:32:31,970 --> 00:32:33,559 but they are certainly not the guiding 917 00:32:33,560 --> 00:32:35,599 force that guides what technology is 918 00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:37,489 created. So my argument isn't that 919 00:32:37,490 --> 00:32:39,169 capitalism must be taken down. 920 00:32:39,170 --> 00:32:40,969 It is simply it simply cannot be the 921 00:32:40,970 --> 00:32:43,249 primary vector for which we decide 922 00:32:43,250 --> 00:32:45,559 what to get built in the first place. 923 00:32:45,560 --> 00:32:47,109 Guys, I have to apologize. 924 00:32:47,110 --> 00:32:48,709 I have to shut down here because we would 925 00:32:48,710 --> 00:32:50,359 be discussing this till dawn. 926 00:32:50,360 --> 00:32:52,489 So I hope we will see 927 00:32:52,490 --> 00:32:54,439 you next year again, because really this 928 00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:55,869 opens up new chapters. 929 00:32:55,870 --> 00:32:57,439 Thank you all for humanity.