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If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/715 Thanks! 1 00:00:13,460 --> 00:00:16,189 In this talk, the moon 2 00:00:16,190 --> 00:00:18,139 and the European space exploration. 3 00:00:21,270 --> 00:00:23,609 We will hear why 4 00:00:23,610 --> 00:00:25,679 we should go back to the moon 5 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:28,089 after forty four years. 6 00:00:28,090 --> 00:00:30,229 And we are very pleased to have a young 7 00:00:30,230 --> 00:00:32,709 runner as our honored guest 8 00:00:32,710 --> 00:00:34,929 today, this evening, and 9 00:00:34,930 --> 00:00:36,819 he's the current director general of the 10 00:00:36,820 --> 00:00:38,349 European Space Agency. 11 00:00:38,350 --> 00:00:40,629 He's also the former chairman of the 12 00:00:40,630 --> 00:00:42,639 executive board of the German Aerospace 13 00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:44,950 Center, also known as Deflower 14 00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:47,240 and. 15 00:00:48,300 --> 00:00:50,489 You would expect that he would be an 16 00:00:50,490 --> 00:00:52,559 aerospace engineer, but he 17 00:00:52,560 --> 00:00:55,919 started out as a civil engineer 18 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:58,139 for the Germans Boeing engineer. 19 00:01:05,750 --> 00:01:07,969 He got the Federal Cross of 20 00:01:07,970 --> 00:01:10,429 Merit first class for continuous 21 00:01:10,430 --> 00:01:12,230 engagement for young academics. 22 00:01:13,270 --> 00:01:15,459 And unfortunately, to list all 23 00:01:15,460 --> 00:01:17,739 of his doctorate's would really take 24 00:01:17,740 --> 00:01:20,139 too much time off of his 25 00:01:20,140 --> 00:01:22,509 limited talk time, so please 26 00:01:22,510 --> 00:01:24,190 give it up for young Virna. 27 00:01:33,530 --> 00:01:35,599 Yes, OK, no, no, you have 28 00:01:35,600 --> 00:01:37,489 to be quiet because they did not give me 29 00:01:37,490 --> 00:01:39,559 enough time, so you have to be quiet 30 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:41,659 and I recommend you to listen and 31 00:01:41,660 --> 00:01:43,909 see and if possible, do 32 00:01:43,910 --> 00:01:45,649 the whole lecture I will give to you in 33 00:01:45,650 --> 00:01:47,299 slow motion afterwards, because otherwise 34 00:01:47,300 --> 00:01:48,859 I cannot do it in 30 minutes. 35 00:01:48,860 --> 00:01:50,959 So what is the return of investment 36 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:53,029 of space? This is a question I get 37 00:01:53,030 --> 00:01:54,529 nearly every day. I hope not in this 38 00:01:54,530 --> 00:01:56,869 room, but I will answer it anyhow. 39 00:01:56,870 --> 00:01:58,639 And the question is, is return of 40 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:00,949 investment always just the money? 41 00:02:00,950 --> 00:02:03,079 If you look into our universe, you know, 42 00:02:03,080 --> 00:02:05,359 we have something like galaxies 43 00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:07,309 and the galaxies are rotating. 44 00:02:07,310 --> 00:02:09,469 And according to all our theories, 45 00:02:09,470 --> 00:02:11,149 which we know about Newton and about 46 00:02:11,150 --> 00:02:13,339 gravity, the spirit of 47 00:02:13,340 --> 00:02:15,889 the speed at the outer part should be 48 00:02:15,890 --> 00:02:18,139 slower then in the inner part, 49 00:02:18,140 --> 00:02:20,299 because otherwise the stars would 50 00:02:20,300 --> 00:02:21,379 escape. 51 00:02:21,380 --> 00:02:23,479 But observation showed that the 52 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:25,549 speed at the outer part is exactly the 53 00:02:25,550 --> 00:02:26,839 same as in the inner part. 54 00:02:26,840 --> 00:02:29,029 And we don't understand this effect. 55 00:02:29,030 --> 00:02:31,099 And therefore we gave it a new name and 56 00:02:31,100 --> 00:02:32,509 we call it dark matter. 57 00:02:32,510 --> 00:02:34,699 So it's not something we we really 58 00:02:34,700 --> 00:02:37,069 see. It's just an effect. 59 00:02:37,070 --> 00:02:39,319 So why I'm talking about this, 60 00:02:39,320 --> 00:02:40,969 because there's another effect which is 61 00:02:40,970 --> 00:02:43,069 called dark matter, dark energy, 62 00:02:43,070 --> 00:02:45,259 dark energy. If you have a 63 00:02:45,260 --> 00:02:47,209 big bang and then the universe is 64 00:02:47,210 --> 00:02:49,279 expanding according to 65 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:52,129 Joseloff gravity, this velocity, 66 00:02:52,130 --> 00:02:54,109 the acceleration should decrease, the 67 00:02:54,110 --> 00:02:55,729 velocity should decrease. 68 00:02:55,730 --> 00:02:58,189 And finally, it should implode again 69 00:02:58,190 --> 00:03:00,319 and for several billions 70 00:03:00,320 --> 00:03:01,579 of year. 71 00:03:01,580 --> 00:03:03,799 Fortunate enough, the universe 72 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:05,869 behaved like we thought, but then 73 00:03:05,870 --> 00:03:07,669 it changed and now it's accelerating 74 00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:08,569 again. 75 00:03:08,570 --> 00:03:09,709 We don't know why. 76 00:03:09,710 --> 00:03:11,689 We have no clue about it. 77 00:03:11,690 --> 00:03:13,999 And therefore we call it dark energy. 78 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:15,979 Dark energy and dark matter is more than 79 00:03:15,980 --> 00:03:17,629 95 percent of our universe. 80 00:03:17,630 --> 00:03:20,509 So it's not a negligible part. 81 00:03:20,510 --> 00:03:22,729 But there are also some aspects even 82 00:03:22,730 --> 00:03:25,399 closer in our solar system. 83 00:03:25,400 --> 00:03:27,769 The scientists said, OK, let's 84 00:03:27,770 --> 00:03:29,869 prove that really Pluto 85 00:03:29,870 --> 00:03:31,939 is the last planet of our solar 86 00:03:31,940 --> 00:03:32,940 system. 87 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:35,719 Yeah, planet something saying not a 88 00:03:35,720 --> 00:03:36,919 planet. 89 00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:37,920 OK, that's fine. 90 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:40,190 But no, no, no, no. 91 00:03:41,420 --> 00:03:43,099 Afterwards, afterwards, I have no time. 92 00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:45,229 So so 93 00:03:45,230 --> 00:03:47,569 Pluto, the last, let's say, 94 00:03:47,570 --> 00:03:49,999 Michael planet or something like that. 95 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:52,129 And they try to prove it with all 96 00:03:52,130 --> 00:03:54,289 this theory. And suddenly they 97 00:03:54,290 --> 00:03:56,209 found there must be another planet. 98 00:03:56,210 --> 00:03:58,219 Nobody ever saw it. 99 00:03:58,220 --> 00:04:00,139 But it seems that there is something 100 00:04:00,140 --> 00:04:02,359 outside of Pluto. 101 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:03,949 We know the size. 102 00:04:03,950 --> 00:04:05,209 We don't know anything about it. 103 00:04:05,210 --> 00:04:07,639 So all of this is an example of 104 00:04:07,640 --> 00:04:09,499 where we need curiosity. 105 00:04:09,500 --> 00:04:11,689 Curiosity is the strongest driver 106 00:04:11,690 --> 00:04:13,759 we have and we should not forget about 107 00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:15,829 it. Just look to Albert 108 00:04:15,830 --> 00:04:18,018 Einstein. You know, of course, his theory 109 00:04:18,019 --> 00:04:19,199 of relativity. 110 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:20,898 He has the equation just that you 111 00:04:20,899 --> 00:04:21,899 remember it. 112 00:04:22,550 --> 00:04:24,709 And he said into special theory of 113 00:04:24,710 --> 00:04:26,569 relativity, time is slowing down by 114 00:04:26,570 --> 00:04:27,709 velocity. 115 00:04:27,710 --> 00:04:29,929 And in the general theory of relativity, 116 00:04:29,930 --> 00:04:32,689 time is slowing down by gravity. 117 00:04:32,690 --> 00:04:34,939 What the hell is the return of investment 118 00:04:34,940 --> 00:04:36,109 of this equation? 119 00:04:36,110 --> 00:04:37,789 What is a benefit to society? 120 00:04:37,790 --> 00:04:39,559 If you ask politicians, you will get an 121 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:40,609 easy answer. 122 00:04:40,610 --> 00:04:41,839 No meaning. 123 00:04:41,840 --> 00:04:42,889 Everything is relative. 124 00:04:42,890 --> 00:04:45,109 This is the best sentence you can get. 125 00:04:45,110 --> 00:04:47,239 So now the question is, is 126 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:49,609 it really just an academic 127 00:04:49,610 --> 00:04:52,369 idea without any consequence? 128 00:04:52,370 --> 00:04:54,829 If you look to satellite 129 00:04:54,830 --> 00:04:57,199 navigation, we have the satellites flying 130 00:04:57,200 --> 00:05:00,049 around the Earth really fast. 131 00:05:00,050 --> 00:05:02,119 Really fast means there must be 132 00:05:02,120 --> 00:05:04,279 some some 133 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:06,469 effect on the timing. 134 00:05:06,470 --> 00:05:08,569 And they are far away from the earth. 135 00:05:08,570 --> 00:05:10,399 So the a curvature of the earth is much 136 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:11,299 lower. 137 00:05:11,300 --> 00:05:13,879 There must be also some effect 138 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:16,249 on the timing and the satellites. 139 00:05:16,250 --> 00:05:18,349 The navigation satellites are 140 00:05:18,350 --> 00:05:20,539 nothing more than really exact 141 00:05:20,540 --> 00:05:21,769 clocks. 142 00:05:21,770 --> 00:05:25,069 So if these two effects are there, 143 00:05:25,070 --> 00:05:27,559 then there should be an effect also 144 00:05:27,560 --> 00:05:29,809 on our on the navigational system. 145 00:05:29,810 --> 00:05:32,029 And in fact, without knowing 146 00:05:32,030 --> 00:05:34,249 this theory, you would 147 00:05:34,250 --> 00:05:36,319 have a mistake, an error of about 148 00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:38,509 five hundred meters in one hour. 149 00:05:38,510 --> 00:05:40,819 That means let's be curious also 150 00:05:40,820 --> 00:05:42,409 for the future. Even we don't see a 151 00:05:42,410 --> 00:05:44,989 return of investment the next four weeks. 152 00:05:44,990 --> 00:05:46,789 Let's be curious, because this is the 153 00:05:46,790 --> 00:05:49,189 main message out of exploration 154 00:05:49,190 --> 00:05:49,909 we have. 155 00:05:49,910 --> 00:05:51,290 Yeah, no, no, no, no, no, it's OK. 156 00:05:52,990 --> 00:05:54,999 You know, we have, but we have also 157 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:57,309 concrete aspects, global challenges, 158 00:05:57,310 --> 00:05:59,799 we call them like climate change, like 159 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:01,839 migration, mobility, communication, 160 00:06:01,840 --> 00:06:03,579 energy charter for resources, you can 161 00:06:03,580 --> 00:06:06,459 read yourself, but there is, again, 162 00:06:06,460 --> 00:06:07,809 this curiosity. 163 00:06:07,810 --> 00:06:09,879 It's a different type of challenge, 164 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:11,529 but it's the strongest driver which 165 00:06:11,530 --> 00:06:14,079 brought us out of the caves above 166 00:06:14,080 --> 00:06:16,299 the mountains in the next valley. 167 00:06:16,300 --> 00:06:18,279 Even we cross the Atlantic Ocean. 168 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:19,629 Whether it was an advantage or not, I 169 00:06:19,630 --> 00:06:21,489 don't know. But anyhow, we did it by 170 00:06:21,490 --> 00:06:22,490 that. 171 00:06:22,900 --> 00:06:25,149 And therefore, curiosity is the strongest 172 00:06:25,150 --> 00:06:27,489 driver and the strongest driver is now 173 00:06:27,490 --> 00:06:28,839 part of space. 174 00:06:28,840 --> 00:06:30,909 And what I call Space 4.0 is this 175 00:06:30,910 --> 00:06:32,739 is a new generation of space where we 176 00:06:32,740 --> 00:06:34,899 look into commercialization, but 177 00:06:34,900 --> 00:06:37,209 also in participation with citizens 178 00:06:37,210 --> 00:06:38,949 in digitalization, information, 179 00:06:38,950 --> 00:06:40,629 innovation, interaction, inspiration. 180 00:06:40,630 --> 00:06:41,630 Enteron. 181 00:06:42,810 --> 00:06:45,089 And you see here what we 182 00:06:45,090 --> 00:06:47,189 at ESA are doing, we are covering 183 00:06:47,190 --> 00:06:48,689 all the different aspects, we are looking 184 00:06:48,690 --> 00:06:50,579 to Earth observation, to navigation, to 185 00:06:50,580 --> 00:06:52,709 telecommunication, to science 186 00:06:52,710 --> 00:06:54,509 and exploration, to a new launch 187 00:06:54,510 --> 00:06:57,089 assistance. But also we enter vehicles 188 00:06:57,090 --> 00:06:59,009 to technology operations. 189 00:06:59,010 --> 00:07:01,649 We even look to a space and meteorites. 190 00:07:01,650 --> 00:07:04,139 And we are looking to new technologies 191 00:07:04,140 --> 00:07:06,689 and also to things procurement 192 00:07:06,690 --> 00:07:08,939 with industry. So ESA is the European 193 00:07:08,940 --> 00:07:10,319 Space Agency. 194 00:07:10,320 --> 00:07:12,689 And as we are international with 22 195 00:07:12,690 --> 00:07:14,739 member states within Europe, plus 196 00:07:14,740 --> 00:07:17,129 Slovenia plus Canada, 197 00:07:17,130 --> 00:07:19,019 we are not part of the European Union. 198 00:07:19,020 --> 00:07:21,119 We are trying to be a 199 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:22,949 global player with all the different 200 00:07:22,950 --> 00:07:24,479 states around the globe. 201 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:26,759 So we are with our international 202 00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:28,799 nature. We can play together with all the 203 00:07:28,800 --> 00:07:29,969 others as well. 204 00:07:29,970 --> 00:07:32,279 Therefore, ESA is an agency not only, 205 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:34,229 but it's also a broker mediator, an 206 00:07:34,230 --> 00:07:37,439 enabler for global cooperation in space 207 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:39,359 and space. For us today is not only 208 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:41,609 having a satellite and giving some data 209 00:07:41,610 --> 00:07:43,679 to it to the ground, but space 210 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:45,839 is now something a 211 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:48,239 source of new information, also 212 00:07:48,240 --> 00:07:50,279 a source of new technologies. 213 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:52,679 Teflon pan does not come from space, but 214 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:55,019 as I suspect and we are now using 215 00:07:55,020 --> 00:07:57,179 also earthly technologies in 216 00:07:57,180 --> 00:07:59,459 space. So it's a totally new world, which 217 00:07:59,460 --> 00:08:00,989 we are now covering. And what I said 218 00:08:00,990 --> 00:08:03,209 already is Space 4.0 means 219 00:08:03,210 --> 00:08:05,459 also more participation with people, 220 00:08:05,460 --> 00:08:08,669 not only with politicians, not only with 221 00:08:08,670 --> 00:08:09,659 space agencies. 222 00:08:09,660 --> 00:08:11,849 And we tried this last year, now 223 00:08:11,850 --> 00:08:14,669 this year to really discuss with 224 00:08:14,670 --> 00:08:16,139 different people from different 225 00:08:16,140 --> 00:08:18,149 countries. I will give you only a short 226 00:08:18,150 --> 00:08:19,139 example of that. 227 00:08:19,140 --> 00:08:20,310 What happened? So we did. 228 00:08:21,870 --> 00:08:23,269 Can you do it a little bit louder? 229 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:31,099 And you can switch off this light from 230 00:08:31,100 --> 00:08:33,918 what is going on, they say the 231 00:08:33,919 --> 00:08:35,959 cosmos, cosmos on Greek 232 00:08:37,130 --> 00:08:39,379 space, the final frontier. 233 00:08:39,380 --> 00:08:41,629 You should know that one from 234 00:08:41,630 --> 00:08:43,729 space. So I could do it for half an 235 00:08:43,730 --> 00:08:45,619 hour, but then I would not be able to 236 00:08:45,620 --> 00:08:46,669 talk about myself. 237 00:08:46,670 --> 00:08:48,199 I would stop it over here. 238 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:49,729 If you're interested in that, you can see 239 00:08:49,730 --> 00:08:51,229 it in our Internet page. 240 00:08:51,230 --> 00:08:52,879 You can get all of these different 241 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:54,979 nations and how people are reacting. 242 00:08:54,980 --> 00:08:57,409 So we had more than 2000 participants 243 00:08:57,410 --> 00:08:59,629 from 22 countries at the same 244 00:08:59,630 --> 00:09:01,969 time meeting in the different countries 245 00:09:01,970 --> 00:09:03,649 and discussed with them. 246 00:09:03,650 --> 00:09:05,539 Not only questionnaires are simple things 247 00:09:05,540 --> 00:09:07,909 like that, but really and the debate and 248 00:09:07,910 --> 00:09:09,919 the results were very promising. 249 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:12,799 I have you only a few of the results. 250 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:14,359 I don't go to all of this. 251 00:09:14,360 --> 00:09:16,489 I go just to the last one, because 252 00:09:16,490 --> 00:09:18,919 this one I was very surprised about 253 00:09:18,920 --> 00:09:21,199 81 percent said exploit 254 00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:22,849 natural resources from space. 255 00:09:22,850 --> 00:09:25,099 This is a really very difficult 256 00:09:25,100 --> 00:09:27,199 question. Should we really go outside 257 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:29,419 the earth and get resources back 258 00:09:29,420 --> 00:09:31,639 to Earth so we can discuss about that 259 00:09:31,640 --> 00:09:32,869 whenever you like? 260 00:09:32,870 --> 00:09:35,179 This is a very, very important question 261 00:09:35,180 --> 00:09:36,619 we have to answer. But do you see also 262 00:09:36,620 --> 00:09:38,389 here a universe of possibilities and 263 00:09:38,390 --> 00:09:40,789 opportunities, place to be protected 264 00:09:40,790 --> 00:09:42,619 from polluting and potentially harmful 265 00:09:42,620 --> 00:09:44,689 human activity? So all of this was 266 00:09:44,690 --> 00:09:46,609 said was very high percentage. 267 00:09:46,610 --> 00:09:48,739 So out of this citizen debate, we got 268 00:09:48,740 --> 00:09:49,819 a lot of input. 269 00:09:49,820 --> 00:09:51,739 And therefore, participation is for me a 270 00:09:51,740 --> 00:09:52,729 very important thing. 271 00:09:52,730 --> 00:09:54,229 But now look to exploration. 272 00:09:54,230 --> 00:09:55,249 I said curiosity. 273 00:09:55,250 --> 00:09:57,439 I tried to explain to you why I 274 00:09:57,440 --> 00:09:59,779 believe that exploration is important. 275 00:09:59,780 --> 00:10:02,029 This is the sentence of a philosopher. 276 00:10:02,030 --> 00:10:03,859 It's much better than a civil engineer 277 00:10:03,860 --> 00:10:05,479 can say. We will not cease from 278 00:10:05,480 --> 00:10:07,339 exploration until we come back to where 279 00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:09,229 we came from and sees a place for the 280 00:10:09,230 --> 00:10:10,849 first time. I don't understand it, but I 281 00:10:10,850 --> 00:10:12,739 think it's a very good sentence and 282 00:10:12,740 --> 00:10:13,740 therefore I'm using it. 283 00:10:16,430 --> 00:10:17,479 Water. 284 00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:19,969 Water is something we are using 285 00:10:19,970 --> 00:10:21,889 day by day. Have you ever thought about 286 00:10:21,890 --> 00:10:22,819 water in detail? 287 00:10:22,820 --> 00:10:24,829 Only, not only when you have to go to a 288 00:10:24,830 --> 00:10:26,929 restroom, but if you want to drink 289 00:10:26,930 --> 00:10:27,859 something. 290 00:10:27,860 --> 00:10:29,809 Water is very interesting and water 291 00:10:29,810 --> 00:10:32,039 covers about more than 70 percent of our 292 00:10:32,040 --> 00:10:33,139 earth's surface. 293 00:10:33,140 --> 00:10:35,359 It's transparent, which is not 294 00:10:35,360 --> 00:10:37,429 automatically it's transparent. 295 00:10:37,430 --> 00:10:39,499 There's some anomaly of water, 296 00:10:39,500 --> 00:10:42,319 meaning that you have ice is 297 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:44,839 lighter than water at about 298 00:10:44,840 --> 00:10:46,399 four degrees. 299 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:47,989 We have special behavior between 300 00:10:47,990 --> 00:10:49,489 temperature and viscosity. 301 00:10:49,490 --> 00:10:50,719 It's not poisonous. 302 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:52,789 It's tasteless, it's odorless. 303 00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:54,799 It has a high surface tension. 304 00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:56,089 There's a very special thing. 305 00:10:56,090 --> 00:10:59,149 You can have water with hydrogen 306 00:10:59,150 --> 00:11:01,459 or you can hydrogen Heff with another 307 00:11:01,460 --> 00:11:02,859 neutron. It's a cause. 308 00:11:02,860 --> 00:11:04,219 Then you have deuterium. 309 00:11:04,220 --> 00:11:06,169 You can have two different types of 310 00:11:06,170 --> 00:11:08,239 water, heavy water and 311 00:11:08,240 --> 00:11:09,949 light water. And you have many, many 312 00:11:09,950 --> 00:11:12,439 applications day by day. 313 00:11:12,440 --> 00:11:14,419 But the question is, where is the water 314 00:11:14,420 --> 00:11:16,579 from? Again, people would say, I don't 315 00:11:16,580 --> 00:11:18,499 care. We have 70 percent of the surface. 316 00:11:18,500 --> 00:11:20,149 This is enough for me. 317 00:11:20,150 --> 00:11:22,549 But as a curious 318 00:11:22,550 --> 00:11:24,529 person, I think to ask the question, 319 00:11:24,530 --> 00:11:25,999 where does the water come from? 320 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:27,949 Is an important question. 321 00:11:27,950 --> 00:11:29,269 And there are the scientists were 322 00:11:29,270 --> 00:11:30,229 discussing about it. 323 00:11:30,230 --> 00:11:32,329 And after long, long discussions, they 324 00:11:32,330 --> 00:11:34,849 said it comes from comets 325 00:11:34,850 --> 00:11:37,039 because comets are frozen material 326 00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:39,109 and therefore they plant a mission called 327 00:11:39,110 --> 00:11:39,559 Rosetta. 328 00:11:39,560 --> 00:11:41,059 You have heard about it to fly to the 329 00:11:41,060 --> 00:11:44,029 comet Jewy, almost Semenko. 330 00:11:44,030 --> 00:11:46,549 It took us ten years to go there 331 00:11:46,550 --> 00:11:49,369 without any maintenance 332 00:11:49,370 --> 00:11:51,589 maintenance in between, no 333 00:11:51,590 --> 00:11:53,239 no oil change or whatever. 334 00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:54,889 Of course, the software was updated a 335 00:11:54,890 --> 00:11:57,379 little bit, but the processor was 336 00:11:57,380 --> 00:11:59,449 more than ten years old at the end. 337 00:11:59,450 --> 00:12:01,279 So it was really an old computer on 338 00:12:01,280 --> 00:12:02,299 board. 339 00:12:02,300 --> 00:12:04,399 And this is an environment which is much 340 00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:06,409 harsher than this nice concrete center. 341 00:12:06,410 --> 00:12:08,479 So therefore, it was really a very 342 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:09,709 difficult thing. 343 00:12:09,710 --> 00:12:12,349 And finally, we landed 344 00:12:12,350 --> 00:12:14,509 on the comet on the 27th of November, 345 00:12:14,510 --> 00:12:16,520 and this is the selfie. 346 00:12:18,550 --> 00:12:19,690 This is a selfie 347 00:12:20,770 --> 00:12:22,359 I was asked before landing. 348 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:24,519 What is the probability that you will do 349 00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:26,619 this? And I said, I have no idea because 350 00:12:26,620 --> 00:12:27,849 it's a very first time. 351 00:12:27,850 --> 00:12:28,899 And if you're doing something for the 352 00:12:28,900 --> 00:12:31,149 first time, you don't know about 353 00:12:31,150 --> 00:12:32,259 probability. 354 00:12:32,260 --> 00:12:34,029 In fact, we learned it. 355 00:12:34,030 --> 00:12:37,119 And because of the small gravity, 356 00:12:37,120 --> 00:12:39,369 we were afraid that it will be pushed 357 00:12:39,370 --> 00:12:41,619 back so it and happens to 358 00:12:41,620 --> 00:12:42,759 keep it on the ground. 359 00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:44,549 Unfortunately, this happens did not work. 360 00:12:45,910 --> 00:12:47,689 It has a special engine to keep down. 361 00:12:47,690 --> 00:12:49,480 Unfortunately, this engine did not work, 362 00:12:50,500 --> 00:12:52,839 so it popped up again several 363 00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:54,879 hours, lend it again, hopped again and so 364 00:12:54,880 --> 00:12:57,069 on. So now I can tell you we had more 365 00:12:57,070 --> 00:12:58,989 than three landings and it's perfect. 366 00:12:58,990 --> 00:13:01,449 We can do first statistics of it now. 367 00:13:01,450 --> 00:13:02,450 I will. 368 00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:07,509 I will now I need to 369 00:13:07,510 --> 00:13:10,049 your silence, because I will show you 370 00:13:10,050 --> 00:13:12,539 the noise during the first 371 00:13:12,540 --> 00:13:13,540 landing. 372 00:13:14,940 --> 00:13:17,669 This is it's just a repetition and 373 00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:18,659 I like it very much. 374 00:13:18,660 --> 00:13:19,660 So we 375 00:13:20,820 --> 00:13:22,859 know I have it also in slow motion for 376 00:13:22,860 --> 00:13:23,860 you. 377 00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:28,649 So now this is of course 378 00:13:28,650 --> 00:13:30,479 not. There's no atmosphere. 379 00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:32,909 So it's the sound in the legs. 380 00:13:32,910 --> 00:13:34,979 And the reason we measured this was 381 00:13:34,980 --> 00:13:37,169 in order to get some input about 382 00:13:37,170 --> 00:13:39,539 the quality, about the surface toughness 383 00:13:39,540 --> 00:13:41,879 of this tiny comet. 384 00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:43,949 And by analyzing this noise, 385 00:13:43,950 --> 00:13:46,509 we can directly get some information. 386 00:13:46,510 --> 00:13:49,289 So I mentioned about the water issue. 387 00:13:49,290 --> 00:13:51,359 Now, we looked on this 388 00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:53,639 on this comet 389 00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:55,229 also about water. 390 00:13:55,230 --> 00:13:57,359 And the interesting thing was, yes, 391 00:13:57,360 --> 00:13:59,879 there was water and organic material. 392 00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:01,949 However, the ratio between 393 00:14:01,950 --> 00:14:04,199 heavy water and light water 394 00:14:04,200 --> 00:14:06,359 was totally and is totally different 395 00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:07,979 to the one we have on Earth. 396 00:14:07,980 --> 00:14:09,779 On Earth, it's more or less constant. 397 00:14:09,780 --> 00:14:12,329 This comment has a three times higher 398 00:14:12,330 --> 00:14:14,369 percentage of heavy water. 399 00:14:14,370 --> 00:14:16,439 So the question remains, where 400 00:14:16,440 --> 00:14:17,609 does the water come from? 401 00:14:17,610 --> 00:14:19,619 We don't know, maybe partly from these 402 00:14:19,620 --> 00:14:21,809 type of comets, maybe also from other 403 00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:22,810 comets. 404 00:14:23,460 --> 00:14:26,639 Now, as this is a very important 405 00:14:26,640 --> 00:14:28,799 movie to show a little bit 406 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,239 the different cultures in different 407 00:14:30,240 --> 00:14:31,240 countries. 408 00:14:32,930 --> 00:14:35,059 But we're seeing. 409 00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:47,030 And frankly, I feel take. 410 00:14:56,730 --> 00:14:57,730 This. 411 00:15:08,910 --> 00:15:11,279 So finally, after it landed 412 00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:13,409 and hopped on hopped, we did not 413 00:15:13,410 --> 00:15:15,209 know where it was and we were very lucky 414 00:15:15,210 --> 00:15:17,309 on the 5th of September, we found 415 00:15:17,310 --> 00:15:19,649 it finally over there in a very 416 00:15:19,650 --> 00:15:20,639 shadowed place. 417 00:15:20,640 --> 00:15:22,469 And that was the reason that it did not 418 00:15:22,470 --> 00:15:24,599 could charge, again, its batteries, 419 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:26,609 but it worked perfectly for the first 60 420 00:15:26,610 --> 00:15:28,649 hours. And this was what we wanted to 421 00:15:28,650 --> 00:15:30,779 reach. And this is the last image of 422 00:15:30,780 --> 00:15:33,089 the main spacecraft, Rosetta, which 423 00:15:33,090 --> 00:15:35,519 also finally touched down on the comet. 424 00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:37,739 So we got some additional information 425 00:15:37,740 --> 00:15:39,989 from the surface coming 426 00:15:39,990 --> 00:15:41,519 close to the surface. 427 00:15:41,520 --> 00:15:43,949 So I mentioned, again, Rosetta, Philae 428 00:15:43,950 --> 00:15:45,179 and the comet. 429 00:15:45,180 --> 00:15:48,509 And these comments are dark as charcoal. 430 00:15:48,510 --> 00:15:50,669 So you need a very special camera to 431 00:15:50,670 --> 00:15:52,769 have an image of it because 432 00:15:52,770 --> 00:15:54,929 it has even more than 50 Shades of gray. 433 00:15:54,930 --> 00:15:57,689 And it has and this camera, 434 00:15:57,690 --> 00:16:00,179 this camera technology was then developed 435 00:16:00,180 --> 00:16:02,519 also to use it on Earth for early fire 436 00:16:02,520 --> 00:16:03,509 detection. 437 00:16:03,510 --> 00:16:05,369 And this is something I can also always 438 00:16:05,370 --> 00:16:07,229 show to people asking for a return of 439 00:16:07,230 --> 00:16:09,479 investment. I say yes, because of this is 440 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:10,589 everything is fine. 441 00:16:10,590 --> 00:16:12,749 I don't need this proof, but I hope 442 00:16:12,750 --> 00:16:14,819 you understand. Now, we have also human 443 00:16:14,820 --> 00:16:16,499 spaceflight there. And it was mentioned 444 00:16:16,500 --> 00:16:18,809 the Apollo flights to the moon that was 445 00:16:18,810 --> 00:16:20,169 raised in space with 446 00:16:22,040 --> 00:16:23,189 the result. 447 00:16:23,190 --> 00:16:25,499 We all know the Americans winning this 448 00:16:25,500 --> 00:16:27,719 race, but their robotic technologies of 449 00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:29,729 the Soviet Union was also rather 450 00:16:29,730 --> 00:16:30,869 impressive. 451 00:16:30,870 --> 00:16:32,939 And this is the most famous picture. 452 00:16:32,940 --> 00:16:34,779 I'm sure you know, all of you all know 453 00:16:34,780 --> 00:16:36,209 what it's show. 454 00:16:36,210 --> 00:16:38,489 Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon. 455 00:16:38,490 --> 00:16:40,739 He was very angry 456 00:16:40,740 --> 00:16:42,659 that he could not be the first one. 457 00:16:42,660 --> 00:16:44,459 And so he always asked Neil Armstrong, 458 00:16:44,460 --> 00:16:46,529 take a photo, take a photo, take a photo. 459 00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:48,119 In this picture you see here, Neil 460 00:16:48,120 --> 00:16:50,999 Armstrong over there in the video. 461 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,219 And this picture was Photoshopped 462 00:16:53,220 --> 00:16:54,220 by NASA. 463 00:16:55,350 --> 00:16:56,429 They were on the moon. 464 00:16:56,430 --> 00:16:58,589 Yes. I asked the NASAA administrator, 465 00:16:58,590 --> 00:16:59,909 have you really been there? 466 00:16:59,910 --> 00:17:01,589 And he said it was much more expensive, 467 00:17:01,590 --> 00:17:03,809 would have been much more expensive to 468 00:17:03,810 --> 00:17:05,969 keep old people silent, and 469 00:17:05,970 --> 00:17:07,618 therefore they were upset. 470 00:17:07,619 --> 00:17:10,139 But this picture is Photoshopped because 471 00:17:10,140 --> 00:17:12,269 Nazar thought above this, 472 00:17:12,270 --> 00:17:14,249 there should be some dark, 473 00:17:16,190 --> 00:17:17,669 dark sky. 474 00:17:17,670 --> 00:17:19,858 And unfortunately, Neil Armstrong 475 00:17:19,859 --> 00:17:22,019 had the picture closed 476 00:17:22,020 --> 00:17:23,039 over here. 477 00:17:23,040 --> 00:17:25,318 So there was something missing 478 00:17:25,319 --> 00:17:27,539 and they finally put some black over 479 00:17:27,540 --> 00:17:29,909 it in order to show there is some sky. 480 00:17:29,910 --> 00:17:31,709 Why do I know that? 481 00:17:31,710 --> 00:17:33,149 Very simply because of this. 482 00:17:33,150 --> 00:17:35,279 Oh, there you 483 00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:37,289 see the antenna is missing over here. 484 00:17:37,290 --> 00:17:38,789 There's no antenna. 485 00:17:38,790 --> 00:17:40,019 And this is the reason it was 486 00:17:40,020 --> 00:17:42,119 Photoshopped. So but 487 00:17:42,120 --> 00:17:44,669 trust me, they were there. 488 00:17:44,670 --> 00:17:46,859 So in 2014, 489 00:17:46,860 --> 00:17:48,629 we had the Crimea crisis, which is still 490 00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:49,769 going on. 491 00:17:49,770 --> 00:17:51,629 And it's very important to see that space 492 00:17:51,630 --> 00:17:53,549 can overcome all of this problems or at 493 00:17:53,550 --> 00:17:54,719 least breach it. 494 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:56,579 And this is a picture directly after the 495 00:17:56,580 --> 00:17:58,169 Crimea conflict started. 496 00:17:58,170 --> 00:18:00,299 It shows an American 497 00:18:00,300 --> 00:18:02,399 and Russian and European astronaut with 498 00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:03,719 a German accent like me. 499 00:18:03,720 --> 00:18:05,999 It's Oleksander guest. 500 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,039 And they were sitting here and minutes 501 00:18:08,040 --> 00:18:10,949 later they stand in front of the 502 00:18:10,950 --> 00:18:11,939 Soyuz rocket. 503 00:18:11,940 --> 00:18:13,289 This is my hand, by the way. 504 00:18:13,290 --> 00:18:14,430 I hope you believe me. 505 00:18:15,720 --> 00:18:17,900 And here they are now entering this 506 00:18:19,360 --> 00:18:20,360 deal. 507 00:18:20,580 --> 00:18:21,580 You 508 00:18:22,890 --> 00:18:23,890 know the 509 00:18:25,150 --> 00:18:27,259 truth if he does dozen. 510 00:18:29,820 --> 00:18:31,869 So not just that's not good. 511 00:18:31,870 --> 00:18:33,140 OK, then they started 512 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:36,059 that's marvelous to see that and to feel 513 00:18:36,060 --> 00:18:38,339 it in Russia and Kazakhstan and this 514 00:18:38,340 --> 00:18:39,599 was a place where they are going. 515 00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:41,219 That's the Americans, the Russians, the 516 00:18:41,220 --> 00:18:43,709 Japanese, the Europeans and the Canadians 517 00:18:43,710 --> 00:18:45,439 in the International Space Station. 518 00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:47,519 OK, next on the guest, of course, 519 00:18:47,520 --> 00:18:49,209 did a lot of experiments. 520 00:18:49,210 --> 00:18:51,519 He looked also to us and reported about 521 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:53,699 that. And a German journal said, this 522 00:18:53,700 --> 00:18:55,679 is not OK. He should not think about 523 00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:57,569 emotions. He should do research. 524 00:18:58,710 --> 00:19:00,219 But I think it's very nice if you show 525 00:19:00,220 --> 00:19:01,739 pictures like that. 526 00:19:01,740 --> 00:19:03,719 It's also nice if you saw if you saw his 527 00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:06,509 pictures like that saying explosions 528 00:19:06,510 --> 00:19:07,499 and bombing on Earth. 529 00:19:07,500 --> 00:19:09,329 It's not something we should do. 530 00:19:09,330 --> 00:19:11,459 I mean, consider an alien flying to 531 00:19:11,460 --> 00:19:12,959 the Earth and see what we are doing. 532 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:14,699 I'm not so sure whether he or she would 533 00:19:14,700 --> 00:19:16,349 come friendly anyhow. 534 00:19:16,350 --> 00:19:18,749 You see, this is a picture I like 535 00:19:18,750 --> 00:19:20,819 of Guest and then he'll 536 00:19:20,820 --> 00:19:21,209 end it. 537 00:19:21,210 --> 00:19:23,129 And this is what the Russians call a soft 538 00:19:23,130 --> 00:19:24,130 landing 539 00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:27,449 because you have to keep it was a soft 540 00:19:27,450 --> 00:19:29,639 part of your body and you will 541 00:19:29,640 --> 00:19:30,329 see it. 542 00:19:30,330 --> 00:19:32,549 It's it's really 543 00:19:32,550 --> 00:19:34,799 harsh now that 544 00:19:34,800 --> 00:19:35,800 he was in good shape. 545 00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:39,089 And then the question was how to get him 546 00:19:39,090 --> 00:19:41,279 home. And I ask the Americans, 547 00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:43,139 can we not bring him directly to Europe? 548 00:19:43,140 --> 00:19:45,269 And they said, yes, but Kazakhstan, no, 549 00:19:45,270 --> 00:19:47,249 we will fly from Kazakhstan to Scotland. 550 00:19:47,250 --> 00:19:49,379 You can come to Scotland and bring 551 00:19:49,380 --> 00:19:51,869 him to Europe. 552 00:19:51,870 --> 00:19:54,209 I said, fine, but they said, but you have 553 00:19:54,210 --> 00:19:56,669 to have a plane with 554 00:19:56,670 --> 00:19:58,919 intensive care, how to get 555 00:19:58,920 --> 00:20:00,269 intensive care? 556 00:20:00,270 --> 00:20:02,669 I asked the German Air Force. 557 00:20:02,670 --> 00:20:05,159 The minister did not accept that because 558 00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:07,409 the taxpayers would not allow because 559 00:20:07,410 --> 00:20:09,509 of one extra notes that the plane 560 00:20:09,510 --> 00:20:11,039 is flying. So I looked for another one. 561 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:13,049 And there is a so-called ADAC is the 562 00:20:13,050 --> 00:20:15,149 ultimate backup and they have 563 00:20:15,150 --> 00:20:16,439 planes. 564 00:20:16,440 --> 00:20:18,479 So I called the president of that club 565 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:20,639 and said, can you bring us 566 00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:22,919 Mr. Gast to 567 00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:23,429 Europe? 568 00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:25,709 And he said, yes, if you allow us 569 00:20:25,710 --> 00:20:28,409 that we publish it in our 570 00:20:28,410 --> 00:20:30,779 monthly journal ADEA to motivate 571 00:20:30,780 --> 00:20:32,429 for the Germans. 572 00:20:32,430 --> 00:20:35,489 And this is one of the most famous 573 00:20:35,490 --> 00:20:37,049 journals. The other one comes from the 574 00:20:37,050 --> 00:20:38,609 pharmacist, Patika. 575 00:20:38,610 --> 00:20:39,610 And so. 576 00:20:44,760 --> 00:20:47,279 So and then he said, I have a final 577 00:20:47,280 --> 00:20:50,099 question, is he a member? 578 00:20:50,100 --> 00:20:51,559 And I could tell yes, yes. 579 00:20:58,390 --> 00:20:59,579 He was brought back 580 00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:03,189 he was brought back to Germany, 581 00:21:03,190 --> 00:21:05,349 in this case to Cologne, but 582 00:21:05,350 --> 00:21:07,449 where are we going in the next case? 583 00:21:07,450 --> 00:21:09,219 There should be no ultimate goal. 584 00:21:09,220 --> 00:21:10,989 Humans are always going farther and 585 00:21:10,990 --> 00:21:12,489 farther. Therefore, I think we should not 586 00:21:12,490 --> 00:21:14,469 talk about an ultimate goal. 587 00:21:14,470 --> 00:21:16,479 The Americans in Asia is the right now 588 00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:17,979 saying let's go to mass. 589 00:21:17,980 --> 00:21:19,899 They say journey to Mars, which means 590 00:21:19,900 --> 00:21:21,759 more than a trip to Mars. 591 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:24,009 And but to go to Mars with humans is 592 00:21:24,010 --> 00:21:24,969 really difficult. 593 00:21:24,970 --> 00:21:27,129 It takes about two years back 594 00:21:27,130 --> 00:21:29,259 and two to go there and coming 595 00:21:29,260 --> 00:21:32,289 back because of the different 596 00:21:32,290 --> 00:21:34,419 orbits of Moon and Mars. 597 00:21:34,420 --> 00:21:36,069 And you see here some issues. 598 00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:37,149 We have to go to moon. 599 00:21:37,150 --> 00:21:39,369 You can do it during Christmas and 600 00:21:40,810 --> 00:21:42,459 New Year. So instead of going to 601 00:21:42,460 --> 00:21:44,319 hymnbook, you can also go to the moon. 602 00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:46,419 So there are 603 00:21:46,420 --> 00:21:48,879 some companies saying, OK, we just 604 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:50,709 make a one way trip. 605 00:21:50,710 --> 00:21:52,179 I'm not in favor of that one. 606 00:21:53,230 --> 00:21:55,629 But we are right now with the European 607 00:21:55,630 --> 00:21:57,849 mission to Mars, we are going to 608 00:21:57,850 --> 00:22:00,129 Tomas, but without humans. 609 00:22:00,130 --> 00:22:02,859 So it's this robotic mission. 610 00:22:02,860 --> 00:22:04,719 The first one was launched already and 611 00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:06,009 the second one should be launched in 612 00:22:06,010 --> 00:22:08,109 2020. And one issue is 613 00:22:08,110 --> 00:22:10,239 to look for something like life 614 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:12,549 because we found methane on Mars. 615 00:22:12,550 --> 00:22:14,319 And the question is, is it from a 616 00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:16,449 biological source or is it from 617 00:22:16,450 --> 00:22:17,499 other sources? 618 00:22:17,500 --> 00:22:19,989 And therefore, we started this mission 619 00:22:19,990 --> 00:22:22,569 and then this was a launch in 620 00:22:22,570 --> 00:22:23,679 Kazakhstan. 621 00:22:23,680 --> 00:22:25,779 And I like this picture very much because 622 00:22:25,780 --> 00:22:26,799 this is the French. 623 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:28,899 The head of the agency of the Italian 624 00:22:28,900 --> 00:22:31,059 agency is myself Russian space 625 00:22:31,060 --> 00:22:32,739 agency. At that time, he was from the 626 00:22:32,740 --> 00:22:34,479 British Space Agency. 627 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:36,759 So, again, SpaceX is breaching 628 00:22:36,760 --> 00:22:39,039 all the national problems 629 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:41,049 and so on so we can do it. 630 00:22:41,050 --> 00:22:42,819 This was the first picture I was really 631 00:22:42,820 --> 00:22:45,159 happy about. That was the spacecraft 632 00:22:45,160 --> 00:22:47,079 flying to towards Mars. 633 00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:48,459 And I was not sure whether it's on the 634 00:22:48,460 --> 00:22:50,589 right direction, but with it I 635 00:22:50,590 --> 00:22:52,989 was sure, OK, we are really 636 00:22:52,990 --> 00:22:54,459 going to Mars. 637 00:22:54,460 --> 00:22:56,289 And then we had this nice picture that 638 00:22:56,290 --> 00:22:58,389 was the idea of 639 00:22:58,390 --> 00:23:00,639 landing on Mars. 640 00:23:00,640 --> 00:23:02,049 So we have two spacecraft. 641 00:23:02,050 --> 00:23:04,479 One is the so-called trace gas orbiter 642 00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:06,939 surrounding and orbiting 643 00:23:06,940 --> 00:23:09,069 Mars, and the other one is the this 644 00:23:09,070 --> 00:23:10,749 test module, which 645 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:13,539 should enter into the atmosphere with a 646 00:23:13,540 --> 00:23:15,670 heat shield, then with a parachute, then 647 00:23:17,170 --> 00:23:20,019 the heat shield should be separated, 648 00:23:20,020 --> 00:23:22,209 then the 649 00:23:22,210 --> 00:23:23,649 parachute should be separated. 650 00:23:23,650 --> 00:23:25,749 Finally, some engine starts 651 00:23:25,750 --> 00:23:27,159 OK, you know the story. 652 00:23:28,450 --> 00:23:30,279 It was excellent until here 653 00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:33,969 you see everything. 654 00:23:33,970 --> 00:23:35,349 Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. OK, we can 655 00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:36,639 forget about that. 656 00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:38,739 The problem was the spacecraft 657 00:23:38,740 --> 00:23:41,019 recognized that it's already 658 00:23:41,020 --> 00:23:43,179 underneath the surface and 659 00:23:43,180 --> 00:23:44,979 then it makes no sense to have any longer 660 00:23:44,980 --> 00:23:47,619 parachutes. So it separated the parachute 661 00:23:47,620 --> 00:23:50,049 and it makes no sense to have a long time 662 00:23:50,050 --> 00:23:51,429 for the engines. 663 00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:53,589 So they stopped all the engines, but 664 00:23:53,590 --> 00:23:54,759 it was still too high. 665 00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:57,729 So we had a little bit harsh landing. 666 00:23:57,730 --> 00:23:58,689 But everything is fine. 667 00:23:58,690 --> 00:24:00,309 We've got good information. 668 00:24:00,310 --> 00:24:02,109 We have a good landing site that's over 669 00:24:02,110 --> 00:24:04,269 here, you see, and we have 670 00:24:04,270 --> 00:24:06,279 not only one, we have several points 671 00:24:06,280 --> 00:24:07,280 because. 672 00:24:08,730 --> 00:24:10,919 Gives a parachute over here. 673 00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:13,079 The heat shield over there and the 674 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:15,119 LENDA impact over there. 675 00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:17,380 We don't know what that is, but I'm sure. 676 00:24:23,190 --> 00:24:25,319 So this picture 677 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:27,479 show us now is that Tracy obiter is 678 00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:29,349 really active and this is a more 679 00:24:29,350 --> 00:24:31,319 scientific part of that one. 680 00:24:31,320 --> 00:24:33,599 So we got all the data from the lending 681 00:24:33,600 --> 00:24:36,089 procedure and now we're getting auto data 682 00:24:36,090 --> 00:24:38,249 from the surface and to 683 00:24:38,250 --> 00:24:38,889 trace gas. 684 00:24:38,890 --> 00:24:41,039 Orbital Auto was working as 685 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:43,919 a relay station, so it worked perfectly. 686 00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:46,529 This was a press Schiaparelli 687 00:24:46,530 --> 00:24:48,599 mask for crashed, making it to failed 688 00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:50,639 landing attempts from. He's a very bit. 689 00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:51,809 Very bit. 690 00:24:51,810 --> 00:24:53,909 We are OK. 691 00:24:53,910 --> 00:24:56,039 You know, another guy, this 692 00:24:56,040 --> 00:24:58,649 is Elon Musk. 693 00:24:58,650 --> 00:25:00,779 This was his third try to land 694 00:25:00,780 --> 00:25:02,159 on a drone ship. 695 00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:03,840 Everything was fine until he 696 00:25:05,100 --> 00:25:07,529 everything was excellent. 697 00:25:07,530 --> 00:25:10,439 But then something was not excellent. 698 00:25:10,440 --> 00:25:12,539 And that was the end 699 00:25:12,540 --> 00:25:13,469 of this rocket. 700 00:25:13,470 --> 00:25:15,859 So now OK, now 701 00:25:15,860 --> 00:25:17,819 the question is, what about the press in 702 00:25:17,820 --> 00:25:19,639 this case? I mean, very similar. 703 00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,499 The satellite was in orbit like tgo, 704 00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:24,099 but during landing, something worked. 705 00:25:24,100 --> 00:25:25,229 Not perfectly. 706 00:25:25,230 --> 00:25:27,749 And this is a German newspaper translated 707 00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:29,909 at SpaceX again, was landing to 708 00:25:29,910 --> 00:25:31,319 launch Absolves Crash Lendings. 709 00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:32,320 They are right to 710 00:25:33,450 --> 00:25:35,339 the American side a little bit better. 711 00:25:35,340 --> 00:25:37,230 Falcon nine almost landing. 712 00:25:38,250 --> 00:25:40,559 And and Elon Musk 713 00:25:40,560 --> 00:25:42,809 himself said ship is fine. 714 00:25:42,810 --> 00:25:44,640 Minawi pass exciting day. 715 00:25:50,860 --> 00:25:52,719 Now, what are the goals for the future? 716 00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:54,249 Where to go? 717 00:25:54,250 --> 00:25:56,529 You know, this village, what 718 00:25:56,530 --> 00:25:58,059 is a village in the village? 719 00:25:58,060 --> 00:25:59,709 You have diverse interests, you have 720 00:25:59,710 --> 00:26:01,239 diverse actors, you have diverse 721 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:03,309 activities, diverse calendars, 722 00:26:03,310 --> 00:26:06,279 but some joint idea to do something. 723 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:07,629 This is No. One village. 724 00:26:07,630 --> 00:26:08,979 Now, you know what village is now is the 725 00:26:08,980 --> 00:26:10,659 second one is what is a concept? 726 00:26:10,660 --> 00:26:12,459 A concept. There's not a single project. 727 00:26:12,460 --> 00:26:14,379 It's not a fixed end to end plan. 728 00:26:14,380 --> 00:26:16,689 It's not a fully regulated installation. 729 00:26:16,690 --> 00:26:17,769 Bla bla bla bla bla. 730 00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:22,959 But it defines interfaces 731 00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:25,539 when needed, and these two words, village 732 00:26:25,540 --> 00:26:27,849 and concept, these 733 00:26:27,850 --> 00:26:30,189 are now put together in the concept moon 734 00:26:30,190 --> 00:26:32,499 surface operations we are doing 735 00:26:32,500 --> 00:26:34,449 we can do the international activities, 736 00:26:34,450 --> 00:26:36,099 human, robotic, public, private 737 00:26:36,100 --> 00:26:38,079 exploration, pioneering outreach and 738 00:26:38,080 --> 00:26:40,689 steam science, technology, 739 00:26:40,690 --> 00:26:43,479 engineering, math and arts. 740 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:44,589 And we can do a 741 00:26:45,930 --> 00:26:47,049 moon science. 742 00:26:48,930 --> 00:26:51,179 The moon is not really understood so 743 00:26:51,180 --> 00:26:53,279 far, but we can do a 744 00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,409 moon science, we can do cosmology, 745 00:26:55,410 --> 00:26:57,209 especially if you go to the far side of 746 00:26:57,210 --> 00:26:58,649 the moon, which is not the dark side. 747 00:26:58,650 --> 00:27:00,479 Like Pink Floyd, the far side is as 748 00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:02,579 bright as the side on our 749 00:27:02,580 --> 00:27:04,589 side, fundamental research, technology, 750 00:27:04,590 --> 00:27:05,759 transportation, communications, 751 00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:07,709 logistics. We can do research, 752 00:27:07,710 --> 00:27:10,019 management, planetary defense 753 00:27:10,020 --> 00:27:11,999 also and a stepping stone. 754 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:13,829 And this is therefore, I call it a moon 755 00:27:13,830 --> 00:27:15,929 village with free and open 756 00:27:15,930 --> 00:27:17,579 access to everybody. 757 00:27:17,580 --> 00:27:18,960 No regulation at all. 758 00:27:20,130 --> 00:27:21,269 This is a picture. 759 00:27:23,740 --> 00:27:25,929 And I hope that this community 760 00:27:25,930 --> 00:27:28,239 supports me, that this should be this 761 00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:31,419 astronauts maybe is something 762 00:27:31,420 --> 00:27:33,279 which is also his college coach. 763 00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:34,359 And I will show you. 764 00:27:34,360 --> 00:27:36,039 He already has the right flex. 765 00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:40,709 One village is already in the 766 00:27:40,710 --> 00:27:42,779 public, it is the Americans 767 00:27:42,780 --> 00:27:45,069 are observing us, it is also 768 00:27:45,070 --> 00:27:47,129 the Federal Aviation Administration 769 00:27:47,130 --> 00:27:49,469 officially endorsed this endorsed 770 00:27:49,470 --> 00:27:50,849 this moon village concept. 771 00:27:50,850 --> 00:27:53,489 There are some companies now 772 00:27:53,490 --> 00:27:55,169 arguing that they have the right 773 00:27:55,170 --> 00:27:57,689 architecture. This is a Scandinavian 774 00:27:57,690 --> 00:27:58,859 company. 775 00:27:58,860 --> 00:28:00,989 Some others believe we can use 776 00:28:00,990 --> 00:28:03,209 some can use the moon for 777 00:28:03,210 --> 00:28:05,789 some other aspects. 778 00:28:05,790 --> 00:28:07,919 And you might really witness a 779 00:28:07,920 --> 00:28:10,199 long distance flight, the journey 780 00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:11,849 to Mars. Is it in contradiction? 781 00:28:11,850 --> 00:28:13,769 Not at all, because if you want to go to 782 00:28:13,770 --> 00:28:16,019 Mars, you better make a pit 783 00:28:16,020 --> 00:28:17,969 stop at the Moon Village. 784 00:28:17,970 --> 00:28:20,069 And therefore, I hope 785 00:28:20,070 --> 00:28:22,139 don't be don't keep calm, 786 00:28:22,140 --> 00:28:24,239 but keep active and be a village. 787 00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:25,559 Thank you very much for your attention. 788 00:29:09,630 --> 00:29:11,489 Thank you, Mr. Virna, for this awesome 789 00:29:11,490 --> 00:29:13,499 talk, and I think we have some time left 790 00:29:13,500 --> 00:29:15,839 for two questions, but only 791 00:29:15,840 --> 00:29:17,099 if you keep it very brief. 792 00:29:17,100 --> 00:29:18,759 So first, no comments. 793 00:29:18,760 --> 00:29:21,179 Secondly, a question and maximum 794 00:29:21,180 --> 00:29:23,909 two sentences. Microphone one, please. 795 00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:25,319 OK, brief question. 796 00:29:26,550 --> 00:29:28,679 Yeah. What do you think will 797 00:29:28,680 --> 00:29:30,809 be the first piece of hardware that 798 00:29:30,810 --> 00:29:32,729 stands for the Moon Village on the moon 799 00:29:32,730 --> 00:29:34,139 and maybe when. 800 00:29:34,140 --> 00:29:36,149 Yeah, so it will be a Monday. 801 00:29:36,150 --> 00:29:37,260 Of course, that's easy. 802 00:29:39,270 --> 00:29:41,459 And you see, it's as I said, it's 803 00:29:41,460 --> 00:29:43,839 not a plan that ESA is now doing this 804 00:29:43,840 --> 00:29:44,879 stuff, stuff, stuff. 805 00:29:44,880 --> 00:29:47,279 It is that worldwide we have different 806 00:29:47,280 --> 00:29:49,409 actors. We have in this 807 00:29:49,410 --> 00:29:50,699 part time scientists. 808 00:29:50,700 --> 00:29:52,859 We have Astro Robotics, we have 809 00:29:52,860 --> 00:29:54,659 people from all over the world. 810 00:29:54,660 --> 00:29:56,729 And most of them have some plan either 811 00:29:56,730 --> 00:29:58,829 to go next year or the year after to the 812 00:29:58,830 --> 00:30:01,979 moon. And I'm quite sure it will be some 813 00:30:01,980 --> 00:30:03,899 some stuff. I don't know, maybe it's 814 00:30:03,900 --> 00:30:06,719 scientific. Maybe it's smart to to 815 00:30:06,720 --> 00:30:08,579 to adjust to prove something. 816 00:30:08,580 --> 00:30:09,839 I have no idea. I'm ready. 817 00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:11,579 So from ESA side, we are doing something 818 00:30:11,580 --> 00:30:12,779 together with the Russians. 819 00:30:12,780 --> 00:30:14,699 We call it lunar. We saw this. 820 00:30:14,700 --> 00:30:16,319 We have also a moon project. 821 00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:18,359 But my idea is to have it open 822 00:30:18,360 --> 00:30:20,429 architecture and not I don't want to 823 00:30:20,430 --> 00:30:22,349 decide who comes first and second and so 824 00:30:22,350 --> 00:30:23,819 on. This is the past. 825 00:30:32,600 --> 00:30:34,039 So do we have a question from the 826 00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:35,040 Internet? 827 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:36,800 Nothing so far. 828 00:30:38,170 --> 00:30:39,579 OK, then, please. 829 00:30:39,580 --> 00:30:42,009 Microphone number three, I 830 00:30:42,010 --> 00:30:42,209 do. 831 00:30:42,210 --> 00:30:44,409 We also work together with India 832 00:30:44,410 --> 00:30:46,780 and China, of course. 833 00:30:53,820 --> 00:30:55,979 You see, the beauty of EESA 834 00:30:55,980 --> 00:30:58,199 is we have 22 member states, plus Canada 835 00:30:58,200 --> 00:31:00,299 plus Slovenia, as I'm always quoting, 836 00:31:00,300 --> 00:31:02,129 saying and saying, and therefore we have 837 00:31:02,130 --> 00:31:04,229 no problem at all to cooperate, which 838 00:31:04,230 --> 00:31:06,299 was different members, different states 839 00:31:06,300 --> 00:31:07,769 around the world. And I think it's 840 00:31:07,770 --> 00:31:08,879 necessary. 841 00:31:08,880 --> 00:31:10,229 Don't forget about values. 842 00:31:10,230 --> 00:31:12,389 Don't forget about things 843 00:31:12,390 --> 00:31:14,879 you don't think are really good. 844 00:31:14,880 --> 00:31:17,579 But cooperation is a must for 845 00:31:17,580 --> 00:31:18,719 citizens on Earth. 846 00:31:18,720 --> 00:31:20,819 So I'm therefore I 847 00:31:20,820 --> 00:31:21,900 say just of course. 848 00:31:29,150 --> 00:31:30,979 So we don't have any more time for 849 00:31:30,980 --> 00:31:33,109 questions now, but have not told 850 00:31:33,110 --> 00:31:34,909 us that he's available, if you have any 851 00:31:34,910 --> 00:31:37,079 questions to him for some 852 00:31:37,080 --> 00:31:38,459 more minutes at least. 853 00:31:38,460 --> 00:31:40,549 So, yeah, 854 00:31:40,550 --> 00:31:41,149 thank you. 855 00:31:41,150 --> 00:31:43,159 If you allow me, it was really great to 856 00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:44,249 be here for the first time. 857 00:31:44,250 --> 00:31:45,769 I think that I was invited. 858 00:31:45,770 --> 00:31:47,089 It was a great honor for me. 859 00:31:47,090 --> 00:31:49,339 And if you like, I come again, 860 00:31:49,340 --> 00:31:50,340 OK?